名师解析：英语四级翻译－倒装与强调
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翻译
一．倒装 1．当“only+状语”位于句首表示强调时用倒装，如不在句首或虽在句首但不修辞状语时用正常语序。
Only when you have obtained sufficient data can you come to a sound conclusion.
只有当你获得足够的数据时，你才能得出正确的结论。
Only in this way can we catch up with the world’s advanced levels in science and technology.
只有这样我们才能赶上世界的先进科学技术水平。
其他如：only then, only once, only in America\China, only after the accident等。
真题重现
【CET-6：2007.6】Only in the small town_________.
(他才感到安全和放松)
参考答案：does she feel secure and relaxed
2．never等具有否定意义的词或词组居于句首时用倒装。
这类词或词组常用的有：never, seldom, rarely, little, hardly, scarcely, not until, by no means, under no circumstances, under no condition, in no way(决不), in no case(决不), neither …(nor), no sooner…(than), hardly…(when), barely(仅仅，几乎不), on no account, in no circumstances(决不), not a bit, nowhere, not only…but also等。
Not only was Churchill a statesman, but also a poet. 丘吉尔不仅是一位政治家，还是一位诗人。
Never in all my life have I heard such nonsense. 我从未听到过这种胡说！
真题重现
【CET-6：2007.12】 The witness was told that under no circumstances_____________.
(他都不应该对法庭说谎)
参考答案：should he lie to the court.
【CET-6：2007.1】 ______________(直到截止日他才寄出) his application form.
参考答案Not until the deadline did he send (out)
3．the more…, the more结构中的倒装。
【CET-4：2006.6】90. The more you explain, _________________(我愈糊涂).
参考答案：the more confused I am
二．强调句
1．It is/was +被强调部分+that/who…
对于这个结构，需要注意以下几点：
①强调句型中的系动词除is和was之外，没有其他形式的变化;
②被强调部分如果是人，可以用who, 也可以用that,其他情况用that（常识性知识，一般不能作为考点）。
③在not…until句型里，如果强调由until所引导的时间状语时，not须跟在until之前，即构成It is not until…that结构。
It is because she is too inexperienced that she does not know how to deal with the serious situation.
她不知道如何应对这种严重情况是因为她太缺乏经验了。
It is because the water had risen that they could not cross the river.
正是因为水涨了，他们没有渡过河去。
注：强调的如果是原因状语从句，只能由because引导，不能由since, as或why引导。
It was not until the second year that he has adapted himself to the college life.
直到第二年他才适应了大学生活。
真题重现
【CET-6：2007.1】 ______________(直到截止日他才寄出) his application form.
参考答案：It was not until the deadline that he sent (out)
Only when you have obtained sufficient data can you come to a sound conclusion.
Only in this way can we catch up with the world’s advanced levels in science and technology.
只有这样我们才能赶上世界的先进科学技术水平。
其他如：only then, only once, only in America\China, only after the accident等。
真题重现
【CET-6：2007.6】Only in the small town_________.
参考答案：does she feel secure and relaxed
2．never等具有否定意义的词或词组居于句首时用倒装。
这类词或词组常用的有：never, seldom, rarely, little, hardly, scarcely, not until, by no means, under no circumstances, under no condition, in no way(决不), in no case(决不), neither …(nor), no sooner…(than), hardly…(when), barely(仅仅，几乎不), on no account, in no circumstances(决不), not a bit, nowhere, not only…but also等。
Not only was Churchill a statesman, but also a poet. 丘吉尔不仅是一位政治家，还是一位诗人。
Never in all my life have I heard such nonsense. 我从未听到过这种胡说！
真题重现
【CET-6：2007.12】 The witness was told that under no circumstances_____________.
(他都不应该对法庭说谎)
参考答案：should he lie to the court.
【CET-6：2007.1】 ______________(直到截止日他才寄出) his application form.
参考答案Not until the deadline did he send (out)
3．the more…, the more结构中的倒装。
【CET-4：2006.6】90. The more you explain, _________________(我愈糊涂).
参考答案：the more confused I am
二．强调句
1．It is/was +被强调部分+that/who…
对于这个结构，需要注意以下几点：
①强调句型中的系动词除is和was之外，没有其他形式的变化;
③在not…until句型里，如果强调由until所引导的时间状语时，not须跟在until之前，即构成It is not until…that结构。
It is because she is too inexperienced that she does not know how to deal with the serious situation.
她不知道如何应对这种严重情况是因为她太缺乏经验了。
It is because the water had risen that they could not cross the river.
正是因为水涨了，他们没有渡过河去。
It was not until the second year that he has adapted himself to the college life.
直到第二年他才适应了大学生活。
真题重现
【CET-6：2007.1】 ______________(直到截止日他才寄出) his application form.
参考答案：It was not until the deadline that he sent (out)