英语四六级翻译技巧
• 合并法是把若干个短句合并成一个长句,一般用于汉译英。
• 汉语强调意合,结构较松散,因此简单句较多;英语强调形合,结构较严密,因此长句较多。
• 所以汉译英时要根据需要注意利用连词、分词、介词、不定式、定语从句、独立结构等把汉语短句连成长句;
• 而英译汉时又常常要在原句的关系代词、关系副词、主谓连接处、并列或转折连接处、后续成分与主体的连接处,以及意群结束处将长句切断,译成汉语分句。这样就可以基本保留英语语序,顺译全句,顺应现代汉语长短句相替、单复句相间的句法修辞原则。
• Increased cooperation with China is in the interests of the United States.
同中国加强合作,符合美国的利益。 (在主谓连接处拆译)
• I wish to thank you for the incomparable hospitality for which the Chinese people arejustly famous throughout the world.
我要感谢你们无与伦比的盛情款待。中国人民正是以这种热情好客而闻明世界的。 (在定语从句前拆译)
• This is particularly true of the countries of the commonwealth, who see Britain’smembership of the Community a guarantee that the policies of the community will take theirinterests into account.
英联邦各国尤其如此,它们认为英国加入欧共体,将能保证欧共体的政策照顾到它们的利益。(在定语从句前拆译)
• 中国是个大国,百分之八十的人口从事农业,但耕地只占土地面积的十分之一,其余为山脉、森林、城镇和其他用地。 China is a large country with four-fifths of the population engaged inagriculture, but only one tenth of the land is farmland, the rest being mountains, forests andplaces for urban and other uses.(合译)
增译法
• 根据英汉两种语言不同的思维方式、语言习惯和表达方式,在翻译时增添一些词、短句或句子,以便更准确地表达出原文所包含的意义。这种方式多半用在汉译英里。
• 汉语无主句较多,而英语句子一般都要有主语,所以在翻译汉语无主句的时候,除了少数可用英语无主句、被动语态或“There be…”结构来翻译以外,一般都要根据语境补出主语,使句子完整。
• Indeed, the reverse is true. 实际情况恰好相反。 (增译名词)
• 就是法西斯国家本国的人民也被剥夺了人权
Even the people in the fascist countries were stripped of their human rights.(增译物主代词)
• 只许州官放火,不许百姓点灯。
While the magistrates were free to burn down house, the common people were forbiddento light lamps. (增译连词)
• 这是我们两国人民的又一个共同点。 This is yet another common point between the people ofour two countries.(增译介词)
• 在人权领域,中国反对以大欺小、以强凌弱。In the field of human rights, China
opposes the practice of the big oppressingthe small and the strong bullying the weak.(增译暗含词语)
• 三个臭皮匠,合成一个诸葛亮。
Three cobblers with their wits combined equal Zhuge Liang the mastermind. (增译注释性词语)
省译法
• 与增译法相对应的一种翻译方法,即删去不符合目标语思维习惯、语言习惯和表达方式的词,以避免译文累赘。增译法的例句反之即可。
• You will be staying in this hotel during your visit in Beijing.
你在北京访问期间就住在这家饭店。 (省译物主代词)
• I hope you will enjoy your stay here. 希望您在这儿过得愉快。 (省译物主代词)
• 中国政府历来重视环境保护工作。 The Chinese government has always
attached great importance to environmental protection. (省译名词)
All the students should develop morally, intellectually and physically. (名词转副词)