英语四级翻译训练附详解
请将下面这段话翻译成英文：
紫禁城(the Forbidden City)始建于明朝皇帝明成祖(Emperor Chengzu)统治期间，建期14年。紫禁城是明清时期24位皇帝的皇宫。它之所以被称为紫禁城，是因为没有皇帝的许可，任何人都不能进出紫禁城。在整个紫禁城周围，有一面近八米高的城墙。墙内有980座建筑物，附属的房间超过八千间。大部分建筑物都是用木头修建的。屋顶被漆成了黄色，代表帝王的颜色。
参考翻译:
The Forbidden City was first built throughout 14 years during the reign of Emperor Chengzu in theMing Dynasty.It was the imperial palace for twenty-four emperors during the Ming and QingDynasties.It was called the Forbidden City because nobody could go in or out without the emperor'spermission.There's a wall nearly eight meters high around the whole Forbidden City.Inside thewall,there are 980 buildings,with more than eight thousand rooms.Most of the buildings are made ofwood.The roofs are painted yellow,the color of the emperors.
1.紫禁城始建于明朝皇帝明成祖统治期间，建期14年:该句可译为一个简单句，以the Forbidden City为主语，建期14年可以译作状语。其中“始建”可以翻译为was first built。build意为“建筑，建造”，常见搭配为:buildup,意为“树立;积累”。
2.它之所以被称为紫禁城，是因为没有皇帝的许可，任何人都不能进出紫禁城:该句可以翻译为一个复合句，译文中用的是because引导的原因状语从句。
3.墙内有980座建筑物，附属的房间超过八千间:该句是地点作主语，可翻译成there be结构。“附属”可用with结构译出，整体看来该句是个简单句。“墙内”可译为inside the wall。inside意为“在某物里面”，与within同义。但inside表示具体位置，如:inside the car(在汽车里);而within表示不超出某范围，尤其是在正式文体中，如:within the law(在法律范围内)。
请将下面这段话翻译成英文：
中国的很多城镇都有自己的城隍爷(Cheng-huang god)来保护。许多城隍爷来源于他们所保护的城镇的真实人物。这些人物在世时很有名。当敌人袭击他们时，城隍爷会保护城镇的城墙，还会确保阎王爷(the King of theDead)不经他的允许不能带走任何人的灵魂。如果城镇里有人在做坏事，城隍爷就会托梦告诉你是谁在做坏事,这样你就可以阻止他们了。
参考翻译:
Many towns in China had their own Cheng-huang gods to protect the towns.Many of Cheng-huanggods were based on real men from the towns they protected.These men had been well known whilethey were alive.Cheng-huang gods protected the walls of the town when enemies were attackingthe town.He also made sure the King of the Dead didn't take any souls away without hispermission.If anyone was doing anything bad in the town,Cheng-huang god would appear in yourdream and make a request,telling you who it was,then you could stop them.
1.许多城隍爷来源于他们所保护的城镇的真实人物:该句关键在于“来源于”的翻译，这里要表达的意思是“某形象根据真实人物来塑造”，故可译为sb.be based on sb.。
2.当敌人袭击他们时，城隍爷会保护城镇的城墙，还会确保阎王爷不经他的允许不能带走任何人的灵魂:该句偏长，可以翻译为两个句子。第一句即“当敌人袭击他们时，城隍爷会保护城镇的城墙”，其中后半部分可译为主句，前半部分可译为以when引导的状语从句;“确保”可译为made sure,“不经他的允许”可译为without hispermission，“带走任何人的灵魂可以用take短语来表示，即take any souls away。