大学英语四级翻译练习附答案详解
请将下面这段话翻译成英文：
中国国旗的图案由纯红色背景和左上角的五颗黄色的五角星组成。位于旗帜最左侧的一颗星最大。另外四颗较小的星呈分散状，环绕着那颗最大的星。每颗小星与大星之间、四颗小星之间的间距都一样。在四颗小星的五个角中，都有一个直指大星的中心。红色通常被认为与共产主义(communism)相关，黄色则象征着中华民族是黄种人。北京天安门广场每天都会举行升、降国旗仪式，国旗在日出时升起，日落时降下。
参考翻译:
Chinese flag design is composed of a pure red background with five yellow stars positioned in theupper left corner. The star on the flag's leftmost side is larger than all the others. The remaining foursmaller stars are spread out, surrounding the largest star. All the smaller stars are spread evenlyin distance away from the larger star and away from each other. One of the five points of each ofthe four smaller stars points directly to the center of the large star. Red is usually considered asbeing associated with communism and yellow symbolizes the yellow race of the Chinese nation. Theflag is raised at sunrise and lowered at sunset during the daily ceremonies at the Tiananmen Square.
1.中国国旗的图案由纯红色背景和左上角的五颗黄色的五角星组成：“由...组成”可译为be composed of或者consist of; “纯红色背景”可用a pure red background表示，其中pure在此意为“纯(色)的”;“左上角的五颗黄色的五角星”可翻译为five yellow stars positioned in the upper left corner, position在这里是动词，意为“位于，放置”。
2.另外四颗较小的星呈分散状：“另外四颗较小的星”可理解为“剩下的四颗较小的星”，故可译为the remainingfour smaller stars, remaining意为“剩下的”。“分散”可译为spread out, spread意为“传播;伸展;散布”。
请将下面这段话翻译成英文：
随着世界人口越来越密集(densely populated),空气污染已经成了严重的问题。空气污染主要来源于四个主要的人类活动领域：工业、能源业、交通运输业以及农业。经营工厂,为火车、飞机和公共汽车提供动力都需要能源。几乎所有这些能源都是通过燃烧燃料产生的,这就会造成空气污染。科学家们正在研究能减少环境破坏的新发电方式。增强的公共环保意识使诸如回收利用(recycling)等活动产生。
参考翻译:
As the world is getting more and more densely populated,air pollution has become a severeproblem.Air pollution mainly derives from four major human activity sectors:industry,energy,transportation and agriculture.Energies are needed to run factories,to powertrains,planes and buses.Nearly all of these energies are produced by burning fuels,which would causeair pollution.Scientists are studying new ways of generating electricity that can be less damaging tothe environment.The increased public environmental awareness has led to the advent of activitiessuch as recycling.
1.随着世界人口越来越密集，污染已经成了严重的问题:“随着”可译为as,这句话可以用as引导的伴随状语从句来翻译。
2.科学家们正在研究能减少环境破坏的新发电方式:这个句子可翻译为包含定语从句的句子，new ways是先行词，引导词是that。其中“研究”可用动词study 表示;“发电”可译为generate electricity; “减少环境破坏”即“对环境的破坏更少”可译为be less damaging to the environment。