英语四级翻译注意事项
例1.【试题原句】自1961年该基金会成立以来,大熊猫就一直是它的徽标。
【思路分析】本句主干句是“大熊猫就一直是它的徽标”,可依“主系表”结构译出;一看到“自从”就应该想到since,since作为介词,后面要跟名词结构,所以“自从……以来”可译作介词短语"since the founding of WWF in 1961"或处理为从句"since 1961 when WWF was founded",置于句首或句末均可。
【参考译文】Panda has been the logo of WWF since 1961 when WWF was founded.
【技巧探秘】本句中“自……以来”可用介词since表示,同时,由于since是现在完成时态的标志词,且“一直”表明了“大熊猫是该基金会的徽标”这一状态持续到现在或将继续维持下去,因此在处理时,主句应使用现在完成时态,而由“1961年该基金会成立”可知,since引导的时间状语从句应使用一般过去时态。
注意事项二:注意搭配
这里的搭配主要指一些固定搭配。比如“学习知识”不用"learn knowledge",而必须用"acquire knowledge";"concern"后面的介词必须跟"over"而不是"of"等等。
下面给大家总结出了常见的一些搭配:
动词和名词的搭配:raise awareness, adopt measures, take steps, adopt approaches
动词词组的搭配:give a green light to, deepen one’s understanding of, pave the way for
形容词和名词的搭配:compelling reason, ample evidence, harsh punishment
名词词组搭配:environmental awareness, coverage of crime, health effect
介宾短语的搭配:in the media, on the internet, on television, in newspapers
表示某个特定意思的习惯搭配:
lead a fulfilling life, close the rich/poor gap, discriminate between right and wrong, have a higher chance of developing cancer, fail to achieve work-life balance
避免中式英文的直接翻译:
improve the problem →solve the problem or improve the situation
contact with violence→exposure to violence
advertisements about children→advertisements aimed at children.
注意事项三:注意变通词汇
另辟蹊径,试着用几个词去解释自己突然想不起的单词或者找同义词,近义词来替换。
如“匿名”对应的单词是"anonymity",可以用"a unknown name"来代替。“美化”对应的单词"beautify",可以用"make sth more beautiful"来代替。
附:翻译高频模板句
①_____ has / enjoys a history of_____. (用于介绍历史)
②_____ was popular / widespread. (用于介绍流行程度)
③_____ be used to do sth.(表示用途)
④_____ stand for / symbolize / signify_____.(某物象征了……)
⑤_____ is given as a present to sb.(馈赠)
⑥_____ is well-known as / famous for/ noted for_____. (以……著称 / 有名)
⑦一般:_____ start / begin from… to_____(从……延续到……)
更优:_____ run from … to_____(从……延续到……)