英语四级考试翻译练习题及翻译
英语四级考试翻译练习题(一)
十二生肖
十二生肖(the twelve Chinese Zodiacs)是中国传统文化的重要组成部分，它们源于自然界的11种动物和一个民族图腾(totem)。十二生肖代表动物的性格特点各不相同。到了龙年或虎年，人们常说“生龙活虎”;马年人们会说“马到成功”;猪在中国人的眼里是“宝”的意思;牛是勤劳(diligence )的象征，这一点在鲁迅的诗句“俯首甘为孺子牛”中有着完美的体现。
英语四级考试翻译练习题翻译讲解
The twelve Chinese Zodiacs, including eleven animals in the nature and a national totem, play an important role in the Chinese traditional culture. The twelve symbolic animals have their own characteristics. In the Year of Dragon or the Year of Tiger, people will say shenglonghuohu—full of vim and vigor; in the Year of Horse, people will say madaochenggong—to gain an immediate success. In Chinese eyes, pig is a “treasure”. Ox is a symbol of diligence, which is well presented in the verse by Lu Xun一an outstanding writer in China, “head bowed, like a willing ox I serve the children”.
1.生龙活虎、马到成功:中国成语在翻译时可以先译为拼音，再进一步解释其内涵。“生龙活虎”即“精力充沛，活力四射”，可译为vim and vigor; “马到成功”即“快速获得成功”可译为gain an immediate success。
2.牛:生肖中的“牛”用ox来表达，而不用如cattle, cow, bull等其他表示“牛” 的词。
3.俯首甘为孺子牛:可直译为Head bowed, like a willing ox I serve the children;或者根据其表达的“愿意为弱小服务的精神”译为modesty combined with the spirit of willingly serving the young and weak。同时，译文要简略给出鲁迅的身份，以使译文内容更为周全。
胡同
北京城的胡同长短不一，风格各异。最长的是东交民巷胡同，全长近3千米。最短的是一尺大街胡同，从头到尾仅有25米。最宽的是灵境胡同，目前最宽处可达30多米。最窄的是钱市胡同，最窄处仅40厘米，需侧身通过。弯道最多的是九湾胡同，弯曲之处(curves)不下13处,走在其中，很容易迷路。历史最悠久的要数砖塔胡同，为元代胡同，至今已有700余年历史。
英语四级考试翻译练习题(二)
胡同
北京城的胡同长短不一，风格各异。最长的是东交民巷胡同，全长近3千米。最短的是一尺大街胡同，从头到尾仅有25米。最宽的是灵境胡同，目前最宽处可达30多米。最窄的是钱市胡同，最窄处仅40厘米，需侧身通过。弯道最多的是九湾胡同，弯曲之处(curves)不下13处,走在其中，很容易迷路。历史最悠久的要数砖塔胡同，为元代胡同，至今已有700余年历史。
英语四级考试翻译练习题翻译讲解
Hutongs in Beijing have various styles and different lengths. The longest one is Dongjiaominxiang Hutong, with a total length of about 3 kilometers. The shortest one is Yichidajie Hutong, with only 25 meters from beginning to the end. The widest one is Lingjing Hutong, with the widest part reaching over 30 meters at present. The narrowest one is the Qianshi Hutong, and its narrowest part is merely 40 centimeters wide; people must turn sideways to pass through it. Jiuwan Hutong, with at least 13 curves, is the most tortuous one and can easily make you lose your way. The one with the longest history of more than 700 years is the Zhuanta Hutong, whose construction can be traced back to the Yuan Dynasty.
1.胡同:此处的“胡同”指的是北京特色之一，不能译成bystreet等，直接使用汉语拼音hutong即可。
2.长度的表达:文中多处需要表达长度，a total length of,...from beginning to the end,...reaching...等词的灵活使用会让译文不显得单调乏味。
3.侧身:即转向侧面，可译为turn sideways。sideways为副词，意为“向侧面地，向一旁”。
4.弯道最多…很容易迷路:句子中前后分句的主语不一致，在翻译时，要注意改成主语一致或者增添各分句的主语。
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