2017年英语四级阅读理解模拟题
2017年英语四级阅读理解模拟题一
Dent station is situated on the Settle to Carlisle railway line, said to be the most38in the country. But no amount of scenic beauty can save the line from British Rail’s cash problems. This year, for the 39 of economy, the express trains which used to pass through Dent station have been put on to another route.
It is now an open secret that British Rail sees no future for this railway line. Most of its trains disappeared some time ago. Its bridge, built on a grand 40 a century ago, is falling down. It is not alone. Half-a-dozen railway routes in the north of England are facing a similar threat. The problem is a worn-out system and an almost 41 lack of cash to repair it. Bridges and tunnels are showing their age, the wooden supports for the tracks are rotting and engines and coaches are getting old. On42lines between large cities, the problem is not too bad. These lines still make a profit and cash can be found to43 them. But on the country branch line, the story is different. As track wears out, it is not replaced. Instead speed limits are introduced, making journeys longer than necessary and discouraging customers.
If a bridge is dangerous, there is often only one thing for British Rail to do: go out and find money from another44. This is exactly what it did a few months ago when a bridge at Bridlington station was threatening to fail down. Repairs were45 at 200,000--just for one bridge--and British Rail was delighted, and rather surprised, when two local councils offered half that amount between them.
A. maintain
B. scenic
C. transcend
D. source
E. estimated
F. sake
G. complex
H.simply
I. consolidation
J. situated
K. respectively
L. total
M. major
N. restrained
O. scale
2017年英语四级阅读理解模拟题答案解析
36.J
语法判断:分析句子主干可知,空格前后是一个完整的句子,因此,可以判断此处缺少一个分词和后面的high in the hills ofYorkshire一起构成分词短语作后置定语,修饰句子的主语Dent,描述Dent所在的地理位置。
语义判断:符合上述语法条件的选项有过去分词estimated、situated以及restrained三个,estimated意为“据估计”,situated意为“位于”,restrained意为“受到限制”。结合语境可知,只有situated符合文意,故选J。
37.H
语法判断:分析句子主干可知,该空所处的句子是一个由关系代词who引导的定语从句,这里缺少一个副词修饰后面的谓语动词want。
语义判断:符合上述语法条件的副词有两个:simply意为“仅仅”,respectively意为“分别地,各自”0此处是要表达“人们仅仅想去最高的火车站乘坐火车”,可知只有simply符合,故选H。
38.B
语法判断:分析句子主干可知,该空所处的是一个过去分词短语结构,该结构前面是个完整的句子,它在句子中作主语Dent的补足语。这里缺少一个多音节的形容词,因为它前面有系动词be和最高级themost。
语义判断:备选的形容词有scenic(风景优美的)、complex(复杂的)、total(整体的)以及major(主要的)四个。结合句意“据说是英国风景最优美的”,可知B是正确答案。
39.F
语法判断:分析句子主干可知,空格后是一个完整的句子,判断空格处所在短语for the__________ofeconomy在句中作状语。分析此短语可知,这里缺少一个名词。
语义判断:备选的名词有source(渠道)、sake(缘故)、consolidation(巩固)和scale(规模)四项,只有sake是正确的,forthe sake of是固定短语,意为“为了,出于……的缘故”。
40.0
语法判断:分析句子主干可知,该空所处的是一个过去分词短语结构,该结构前后是个完整的句子,它在句子中作主语bridge的后置定语。本空缺少一个名词,作介词on的宾语,并和on一起构成介词短语,且该名词是单数形式,因为前面有不定冠词a来限制。
语义判断:结合39题的“语义判断”可知,符合上述语法条件的名词还剩下source、consolidation和scale。on agrand/large scale是一个常用表达,意为“大规模地”,符合此处文意,故选O。
41.L
语法判断:分析句子结构可知。本空缺少一个形容词来修饰后面的名词lack,因为它与前面的形容词wom.out(修饰后面的名词system)并列关系。
语义判断:结合38题的“语义判断”可知,符合上述语法条件的选项还剩下complex、total以及major,此处是要表达“几乎完全缺乏现金”,因此L是正确答案。
42.M
语法判断:分析句子主干可知,该空所处的是一个介词短语结构,该结构后是个完整的句子,它在句子中作整个句子的状语。本空缺少一个形容词作定语,修饰后面的名词lines。
语义判断:结合38题和41题的“语义判断”可知,符合上述语法条件的选项剩下complex和major,这里的意思是“在主干线上”,因此只有major符合文意。
43.A
语法判断:分析句子主干可知,本空需要一个动词原形,与前面的to一起构成动词不定式,作句子的目的状语。
语义判断:符合上述语法条件的动词有maintain(维护)和transcend(超越),结合句意“有现金去维护这些干线”可知只有maintain符合文意,故选A。
44.D
语法判断:分析句子结构可知,该空所处的是一个介词短语的结构,该结构作前面动词find的状语。这里需要一个名词,作介词from的宾语,且该名词是单数形式,因为前面有another来限制。
语义判断:结合39题和40题的“语义判断”可知,符合上述语法条件的名词还剩下source和consolidation,这里的意思是“从另外的渠道”,因此D项是正确答案。
45.E
语法判断:本句空格前为句子主语和系动词were,空格后是介词短语at 200,000。判断此处应填入一个动词的分词形式。
语义判断:剩余的选项中,符合语法条件的有estimated和restrained两个,此处是要表达“修理费估计需要20万英镑”,可知只有E是正确答案。
2017年英语四级阅读理解模拟题二
The typical pre-industrial family not only had a good many children, but numerous other dependents as well---grandparents, uncles, aunts and cousins. Such "extended" families were suited for survival in slow paced 1 societies. But such families are hard to 2 . They are immobile.
Industrialism demanded masses of workers ready and able to move off the land in pursuit of jobs, and to move again whenever necessary. Thus the extended family 3 shed its excess weight and the so-called "nuclear" family emerged---a stripped-down, portable family unit 4 only of parents and a small set of children. This new style family, far more 5 than the traditional extended family, became the standard model in all the industrial counties.
Super-industrialism, however, the next stage of eco-technological development, 6 even higher mobility. Thus we may expect many among the people of the future to carry the streamlining process, a stepfather by remaining children, cutting the family down to its more 7 components, a man and a woman. Two people, perhaps with matched careers, will prove more efficient at navigating through education and social status, through job changes and geographic relocations, than the ordinarily child-cluttered family.
A 8 may be the postponement of children, rather than childlessness. Men and women today are often torn in 9 between a commitment to career and a commitment to children. In the future, many 10 will sidestep this problem by deferring the entire task of raising children until after retirement.
A)transplant
B)solution
C)gradually
D)transport
E)elemental
F)conflict
G)continually
H)mobile
I)couples
J)agricultural
K)including
L)compromise
M)requires
N)primary
O)consisting
2017年英语四级阅读理解模拟题答案解析
1. J) 此处应填形容词,修饰名词societies。文章第一句就说The typical pre-industrial family...“工业化之前的典型家庭模式......”, 即“extended" family存在于工业化之前的社会,即agricultural society。故J)正确。
2. A) 由be hard to do sth.可知,此处应填动词原形。They are immobile“这样的家庭很难流动”,这说明这样的家庭are hard to...,选项中由transplant和transport两个动词原形,前者指的是“迁居,迁移”,后者指的是运输,不难推断前者符合原文意思,故 transplant正确。
3. C) 因为这句话的句子结构完整,固此处应填副词。选项中的副词有gradually和continually,原文中...and the so-called "nuclear" family emerged.所谓的“核心家庭”便出现了,emerge的意思是“浮现" ,强调经过一个过程后出现
的。由此可以判断,核心家庭从无到有逐渐出现,而不是连续不断地出现,故选择gradually 4. O) 该句可拆分理解,即a family unit... of parents and a smell set of children "一个家庭单元......父母和不多的孩子“,由此可以推出这里要填的词是表示”包含,由......组成“的。选项中的including和 consisting均可以表示此意,但由原文中的of可排除including, consist of为固定词组,故O)为正确答案。
5. H) 从原文中的more...than可知,此处应填形容词,构成形容词的比较级结构。由第一段最后一句可知the traditional extended family是immobile,那么新型的家庭模式比旧的因该是更有流动性,故应选mobile,说明新型的家庭模式的优点。
6. M) 此处应填动词,作这句话的谓语。Super-industrialism“(更发达的)超级工业化”......更具流动性的家庭。可推知空格处应填表示 “需要,需求”的词。requires表示出自一种迫切的需要而提出的要求,很明显选择requires。
7. E) 此处应填形容词,用来修饰名词components。文中说明家庭被减缩到最......的成员,即由男人和女人组成,男人和女人是一个家庭最基本的成员。选项中的elemental“基本的,本质的”,而N)primary“主要的,最早的”,原文强调的是男人和女人是一个家庭最basic的组成部分,故E)更符合原文意思。
8.l) 此处应填名词。上段说两人家庭的优点,本句中提到rather than childlessness“而不是不要孩子”,说明晚要孩子是解决工作和孩子的折中的办法,故选项中的compromise“妥协,折中”符合文意。而 solution虽然也表示解决办法,但不能表达夫妇们无可奈何的心情,故排除。
9.F) 上题中已提到工作和要孩子之间存在矛盾即conflict,根据上下文意思,这个题相对容易。
10.I) 这段一直在说一个家庭里男人和女人因为工作和要孩子的事情发生争吵,那么将来要解决这个问题的仍然是家庭中的夫妻两人,故这里应填couples。