英语四级考试题型之听力短对话解题技巧
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四级听力
大学英语四级考试中听力短对话的话题基本是衣、食、住、行等日常生活中常见的话题或与学校生活相关的话题。例如:2006年12月四级考试中的听力短对话出现了圣诞节礼物、喜爱的食物、买歌剧门票以及会说几种语言等话题。听力短对话虽然短小,但是不应忽视,如果掌握方法,这部分得高分还是很容易的。要答好这部分题目,首先要区分说话者的性别,其次是弄清说话者的观点,最后再排除干扰项,得出答案。下面我们首先来看看听力短对话的常考题型和提问方式,再根据它们的特点分析一下短对话的解题技巧。
一、短对话的题型大体上分为以下五类:1. 时间类:这类题目经常以when来提问。
例如:W: Your library books are due on December 13th. If you have not finished using them by then, you may renew them once.
M: Thank you very much. I only need them for a few days.
Q: When must the man return his books to the library?
2. 地点及场所类:经常以where提问,比如问对话发生的地点。这类题在听力对话题中比较简单,考生只需掌握表示地点及方位的介词短语,抓住其中的关键场景特点,就能辨认出对话发生的场所。当你听到boarding一词的时候,应该马上联想到机场。
例如:M: I need to cash this check?
W: Will you step right over to the teller’s window, please?
Q: Where is the conversation most probably taking place?
3. 数字类:一般来说需要进行简单的换算,这类题目比较简单,是听力中的拿分题。
例如:W: Do you live in a college dormitory?
M: Yes, I do. It’s a six-man suite, but at the moment only four of us live there.
Q: How many people share the suite now?
4. 人物关系及身份类:此类对话提供一个情节,能反映所涉及人的关系或身份。人物关系及身份类题型几乎每次考试都会出现,我们可以通过抓关键的特征词来判断。四级听力中常见的人物关系及身份有teacher and student, librarian and student, shop assistant and customer, doctor and patient, waiter (waitress) and customer。
5. 活动类:这一类谈话内容可涉及上课、娱乐、工作、日常生活等各种情况。
例如:M: Professor Smith asked me to go to his office after class. So it’s impossible for me to make it to the bar at ten.
W: Then it seems that we’ll have to meet an hour later at the library.
Q: What will the man do first after class?
二、短对话的提问方式通常包括以下六种:
1. 问"是什么、要什么"等。例如:
What is the man’s answer? What does the woman want for lunch?
What kind of books does the man want to borrow?
2. 问"做什么"。例如:
What will the man do first after class? What does the woman tell the man to do first?
What will happen if John fails the exam?
What does the woman want the man to do?What would the woman most probably do?
3. 问"什么含义"。例如:
What does the woman mean?
What does the man mean (imply)?
What does the woman’s answer suggest?
4. 问"从对话中能获得什么信息或结论"。例如:
What do we learn from the conversation?
What do we learn about John from the conversation?
What do we learn about the taxi driver?
5. 问"对某人或某事有什么看法"。例如:
What does the man think of Miss Brown?
What does the woman think of the plan?
6. 问"对话可能是在什么场所发生的"。例如:
Where does this conversation most probably take place?
Where does this conversation most likely occur?
Where are the man and the woman?
总之,短对话的提问方式通常是特殊疑问句。除了以上这些提问方式,通常还有提问时间、提问人物关系及身份、提问数字等。无论是哪种提问方式,都是和听力的对话内容和题目类型相对应的,只要我们把握了对话的重要考试&大信息就可以快速正确地选出答案。
三、短对话的四个解题技巧:
1. 可以利用录音正式开始之前的几分钟——播放考试说明的时间,快速浏览选项,对所谈论的话题和相关的信息有个大概的了解。比如看到下面的选项:
A) At the airport.
B) In a restaurant.
C) In a booking office.
D) At the hotel reception.
我们就可以推断这个题目很可能问的是对话发生的地点,属于地点类题型。所以我们在听的时候就要特别注意谈话的环境和对话中出现的关于场所的词语。在平时的学习中应掌握一些常用的句型。比如向他人提出建议或请求时,往往采用委婉的方式来表达。
表示建议的常用句型:If I were you, I’ll ...Why don’t you ...? How about ...? Maybe you’d better ...Perhaps we can ...
表示请求的常用句型:I wonder if you ...Would / Could you tell me ...?I’ll appreciate it if you ...
2. 另外我们可以边听边做速记,当遇到一时难以判断的题时,可以等听力结束后再回过头来仔细推敲,避免在某一题上花太多时间。遇到内容较复杂的谈话时,记在不同选项旁的关键词可以帮助我们很快找到正确答案。比如在解答有关数字类的题目时,速记就显得尤为重要。
3. 在把握细节的基础上,我们要全面掌握整体意思,排除貌合神考试&大离的选项。在所提供的四个选项中,有三个是干扰项,干扰项的设计通常是提供一个读音与对话中某一词组十分相似的选项或提供一个在对话中出现过的词,以达到干扰效果。例如:
M: Registration always takes so long.
W: What bothers me is all the people who cut in line.
Q: What bothers the woman?
A) Registration.
B) When the line breaks.
C) How long the line is.
D) People who don’t wait their turn.
其中,B)、C)两项都出现了"line"一词,这是在对话中出现过的,许多考生可能被误导选B),而实际上让女士厌烦的是"people who cut in line",因此选项D)"People who don’t wait their turn"才是正确的。
4. 最后需要指出的很重要的一点是:做听力题时,要注意谈话的环境,重点听主要信息和目的,不要试图听清每一个词。听力测试的设题目的是考查我们对于对话主要内容的全面把握,而不是像听写一样,去听清每一个词。
Try out
1. W: Carol made up for the time she missed by working overtime.
M: That’s why I saw her working the weekend shift.
Q: What did Carol do?
A) Missed her friends. B) Worked over the weekend.
C) Made up a story. D) Timed her job.
2. W: How about Mike? Have you seen him after the big earthquake?
M: Yes, he is physically sound, but he won’t talk to anybody and he is very afraid of the night.
Q: What do we learn about Mike?
A) He is healthy.
B) He doesn’t like sound.
C) He lacks sleep.
D) He has psychological problems.
3. W: Donna’s birthday is around the corner. What should I give her as a present?
M: Well, she’s interested in fashion and you know nothing about fashion. So, you could just cook a dinner for her. That is much easier for you.
Q: What does the man imply?
A) The woman is very ignorant.
B) Donna is a shallow girl.
C) Cooking is more interesting than fashion.
D) The woman is good at cooking.
答案&解析
1. B)。此题中的选项C)"Made up a story."即是利用对话中出现过的词组迷惑考生的,而从Man的谈话中,我们知道Carol worked "the weekend shift",即"worked over the weekend"。故选B)。
2. D)。原文中说到Mike身体很好,但是不和别人说话而且很害怕夜晚,可考试&大见他的心理由于地震产生了一些问题。故选D)。
3. D)。原文中Man说"That is much easier for you."that是指"cook a dinner for her",可见,Man的意思是说Woman更擅长做饭。故选D)。
一、短对话的题型大体上分为以下五类:1. 时间类:这类题目经常以when来提问。
例如:W: Your library books are due on December 13th. If you have not finished using them by then, you may renew them once.
M: Thank you very much. I only need them for a few days.
Q: When must the man return his books to the library?
2. 地点及场所类:经常以where提问,比如问对话发生的地点。这类题在听力对话题中比较简单,考生只需掌握表示地点及方位的介词短语,抓住其中的关键场景特点,就能辨认出对话发生的场所。当你听到boarding一词的时候,应该马上联想到机场。
例如:M: I need to cash this check?
W: Will you step right over to the teller’s window, please?
Q: Where is the conversation most probably taking place?
3. 数字类:一般来说需要进行简单的换算,这类题目比较简单,是听力中的拿分题。
例如:W: Do you live in a college dormitory?
M: Yes, I do. It’s a six-man suite, but at the moment only four of us live there.
Q: How many people share the suite now?
4. 人物关系及身份类:此类对话提供一个情节,能反映所涉及人的关系或身份。人物关系及身份类题型几乎每次考试都会出现,我们可以通过抓关键的特征词来判断。四级听力中常见的人物关系及身份有teacher and student, librarian and student, shop assistant and customer, doctor and patient, waiter (waitress) and customer。
5. 活动类:这一类谈话内容可涉及上课、娱乐、工作、日常生活等各种情况。
例如:M: Professor Smith asked me to go to his office after class. So it’s impossible for me to make it to the bar at ten.
W: Then it seems that we’ll have to meet an hour later at the library.
Q: What will the man do first after class?
二、短对话的提问方式通常包括以下六种:
1. 问"是什么、要什么"等。例如:
What is the man’s answer? What does the woman want for lunch?
What kind of books does the man want to borrow?
2. 问"做什么"。例如:
What will the man do first after class? What does the woman tell the man to do first?
What will happen if John fails the exam?
What does the woman want the man to do?What would the woman most probably do?
3. 问"什么含义"。例如:
What does the woman mean?
What does the man mean (imply)?
What does the woman’s answer suggest?
4. 问"从对话中能获得什么信息或结论"。例如:
What do we learn from the conversation?
What do we learn about John from the conversation?
What do we learn about the taxi driver?
5. 问"对某人或某事有什么看法"。例如:
What does the man think of Miss Brown?
What does the woman think of the plan?
6. 问"对话可能是在什么场所发生的"。例如:
Where does this conversation most probably take place?
Where does this conversation most likely occur?
Where are the man and the woman?
总之,短对话的提问方式通常是特殊疑问句。除了以上这些提问方式,通常还有提问时间、提问人物关系及身份、提问数字等。无论是哪种提问方式,都是和听力的对话内容和题目类型相对应的,只要我们把握了对话的重要考试&大信息就可以快速正确地选出答案。
三、短对话的四个解题技巧:
1. 可以利用录音正式开始之前的几分钟——播放考试说明的时间,快速浏览选项,对所谈论的话题和相关的信息有个大概的了解。比如看到下面的选项:
A) At the airport.
B) In a restaurant.
C) In a booking office.
D) At the hotel reception.
我们就可以推断这个题目很可能问的是对话发生的地点,属于地点类题型。所以我们在听的时候就要特别注意谈话的环境和对话中出现的关于场所的词语。在平时的学习中应掌握一些常用的句型。比如向他人提出建议或请求时,往往采用委婉的方式来表达。
表示建议的常用句型:If I were you, I’ll ...Why don’t you ...? How about ...? Maybe you’d better ...Perhaps we can ...
表示请求的常用句型:I wonder if you ...Would / Could you tell me ...?I’ll appreciate it if you ...
2. 另外我们可以边听边做速记,当遇到一时难以判断的题时,可以等听力结束后再回过头来仔细推敲,避免在某一题上花太多时间。遇到内容较复杂的谈话时,记在不同选项旁的关键词可以帮助我们很快找到正确答案。比如在解答有关数字类的题目时,速记就显得尤为重要。
3. 在把握细节的基础上,我们要全面掌握整体意思,排除貌合神考试&大离的选项。在所提供的四个选项中,有三个是干扰项,干扰项的设计通常是提供一个读音与对话中某一词组十分相似的选项或提供一个在对话中出现过的词,以达到干扰效果。例如:
M: Registration always takes so long.
W: What bothers me is all the people who cut in line.
Q: What bothers the woman?
A) Registration.
B) When the line breaks.
C) How long the line is.
D) People who don’t wait their turn.
其中,B)、C)两项都出现了"line"一词,这是在对话中出现过的,许多考生可能被误导选B),而实际上让女士厌烦的是"people who cut in line",因此选项D)"People who don’t wait their turn"才是正确的。
4. 最后需要指出的很重要的一点是:做听力题时,要注意谈话的环境,重点听主要信息和目的,不要试图听清每一个词。听力测试的设题目的是考查我们对于对话主要内容的全面把握,而不是像听写一样,去听清每一个词。
Try out
1. W: Carol made up for the time she missed by working overtime.
M: That’s why I saw her working the weekend shift.
Q: What did Carol do?
A) Missed her friends. B) Worked over the weekend.
C) Made up a story. D) Timed her job.
2. W: How about Mike? Have you seen him after the big earthquake?
M: Yes, he is physically sound, but he won’t talk to anybody and he is very afraid of the night.
Q: What do we learn about Mike?
A) He is healthy.
B) He doesn’t like sound.
C) He lacks sleep.
D) He has psychological problems.
3. W: Donna’s birthday is around the corner. What should I give her as a present?
M: Well, she’s interested in fashion and you know nothing about fashion. So, you could just cook a dinner for her. That is much easier for you.
Q: What does the man imply?
A) The woman is very ignorant.
B) Donna is a shallow girl.
C) Cooking is more interesting than fashion.
D) The woman is good at cooking.
答案&解析
1. B)。此题中的选项C)"Made up a story."即是利用对话中出现过的词组迷惑考生的,而从Man的谈话中,我们知道Carol worked "the weekend shift",即"worked over the weekend"。故选B)。
2. D)。原文中说到Mike身体很好,但是不和别人说话而且很害怕夜晚,可考试&大见他的心理由于地震产生了一些问题。故选D)。
3. D)。原文中Man说"That is much easier for you."that是指"cook a dinner for her",可见,Man的意思是说Woman更擅长做饭。故选D)。