英语四级选词填空如何攻克非谓语动词
不定式具有动词的性质,在句中可有自己的宾语,并可被状语修饰。同时还具有名词、形容词和副词的性质,在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补语、定语、状语等成分。
例如:
1.To become a good teacher was my hope .(不定式做主语)
2.Our purpose is to finish the job in three weeks.(不定式作表语)
3.She hopes to get something from the sales.(不定式作宾语)
4.My parents won’t allow me to stay out late.(不定式作宾补)
5.He was the first to arrive.(不定式作定语)
6.He was an idiot not to have realized it.(不定式作状语)
注意:动词不定式的否定形式为:“not+ to do”。如 They decided not to call off the plan.
二.动名词
1.动名词作主语,如:Learning a foreign language is not easy.
2.动名词作表语,用来表示主语的内容。如:My hobby is collecting stamps.
3.动名词作宾语,一般放在动词或动词词组后。如:The shirt can ‘t stand washing.
4.注意事项
(1)动名词的被动式其形式为“being+过去分词”,如 He narrowly escaped being run over.
(2)在动词need, require, want, deserve后,用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。其用法详单与不定时的被动结构。如The watch needs repairing.(=The watch needs to be repaired.)
(3)在(be) worth 后面只能用动名词的主动语态来表示被动意义。如 This is a good book worth reading.
三.分词
分词有现在分词(-ing)和过去分词(-ed)两种。他们在语态和时态方面的含义有较大差别。一般来说,现在分词表示的意义是主动和进行;过去分词表示的意义时被动和完成。如 running water/fallen leaves.
1.分词作表语,如 The situation is encouraging. The door remained locked.
2.分词作定语,前置定语和后置定语均可。如 This is a pressing problem.(前置定语)
3.分词作宾语补足语,如You’d better have your hair cut.
4.分词作状语,可表示时间、原因、让步、条件、方式或伴随状况。
如 Though tired, he still continued reading.
除了掌握以上分列出来的知识点,考生们还应勤加练习,查漏补缺,辨别非谓语在句子中所做的成分和起到的作用,理解非谓语动词的产生就是英语追求简洁的结果,英语中多长句的现象也就不难理解了。