英语四级选词填空专项训练题目及答案
[B] clumsy
[C] doubtfully
[D] exceptions
[E] expand
[F] historic
[G] incredibly
[H] powering
[I] protect
[J] reduced
[K] replace
[L] sense
[M] shifted
[N] supplying
[O] vast
答案解析：
1. 【答案】 G)。
【精析】 副词辨析题。空格前面是be动词，后面为形容词wasteful，因此空格处需要填入一个副词。前一句中提到美国现有住宅1亿多所，该句指出，如果全部拆毁，造成的浪费必然。incredibly"不能相信地，难以置信地"符合题意。
2. 【答案】 K)。
【精析】 动词辨析题。空格前面有连词and，通过分析句子结构可知，空格处的词语与前面的动词tear为并列关系，因此空格处需要填入动词原形。文章首句提到，绿 色环保型住宅备受欢迎。本句中承接首句指出，如果拆毁现有住宅，绿色环保型住宅，将造成一种浪费。因此空格处应填入具有"重新建成"或"取而代之"意义的词，且与后面的介词with构成搭配。备选动词中符合以上两点要求的只有replace。replace...with...意为"用……取代……"。
3. 【答案】 J)。
【精析】 形容词辨析题。空格前面有定冠词the，后面有名词carbon emissions，因此需要填入一个形容词。文章围绕green buildings展开，也就是本句中提到的new energy-efficient home。而这种新型的绿色环保建筑的最大特点就是能够碳的排放，填入reduced"减少的"符合句意。这样也就能与后面的不定式部分的句意"补偿拆毁旧住宅所造成的资源浪费"保持一致。
4. 【答案】 L)。
【精析】 名词辨析题。空格前为形容词最高级，因此其后应该填入名词，且该名词需要和前面的broadest搭配。备选名词中能够和broadest搭配的只有sense。实际上，此处为固定搭配in the broadest sense，意为"从广义上来讲"，是我们熟悉的短语in a sense的变化形式。
5. 【答案】 H)。
【精析】 动词辨析题。空格前面有连词and，由此可知空格处的词语与前面的heating和cooling是并列关系，因此推断空格处的词应该也为动名词形式。动 名词形式有两个，分别是powering和supplying，其中supplying常与with搭配，意为"供应"，此处不符合句意。 powering"向……提供能量"与前面的heating和cooling在意义上具有相关性，为正确答案。
6. 【答案】 D)。
【精析】 名词辨析题。空格前有介词With，还有形容词some，所以需要填入名词一起构成句子的状语。选项中名词还有accommodations和 exceptions两个。accommodations"住处"不符合句意。选择exceptions"例外"构成短语with some exceptions，意为"除了一些特殊情况外"。
7. 【答案】 E)。
【精析】 动词辨析题。通过分析句子结构可知，空格位于that引导的定语从句中，连词and前的句子缺少谓语动词，且与and后面的let为并列关系，所以空格处应填入动词原形。句中的tiny cracks and gaps指的是"狭小的缝隙和缺口"，随着时间流逝，它们会，从而导致外界更多的空气流入室内。可知，expand"扩展，增大"符合句意。
8. 【答案】 O)。
【精析】 形容词辨析题。空格前面有不定冠词a，后面为名词number，因此空格处需要填入一个形容词。此处的a number of为固定短语，意思是"大量的"，number前可以加上一些表示程度的形容词，如great，large，vast等，表示"数量极大的"。因此，形 容词备选项中，vast"巨大的"符合句意。
9. 【答案】 F)。
【精析】 形容词辨析题。空格后面为ones，所以空格处需要填入形容词作定语。在意义上，句中存在from...to...结构，表示一种转变或变化，因此空格处 的形容词应该和to后面处于定语位置的postwar在意义上相对。postwar指二战以后，是一个较近的时间。因此，空格处词应该具有"较早的，久远 的"的意思。另外，从句中举出的例子Lincoln's Cottage(林肯故居)也可以验证这一推断。所以historic"历史上著名的，有历史意义的"符合句意，为本题答案。
10. 【答案】 I)。
【精析】 动词辨析题。空格前面有动词help，后面有名词短语，而help不能与后面的介词from搭配使用，因此排除空格处为形容词的可能性，空格处应该为省略to的动词不定式。另外，从句意上来看，这一句承接上句，仍然在陈述为老住宅进行升级的好处。备选动词中符合结构和句意双重要求的只有protect，因此为本题答案。
As is known to all, the organization and management of wages and salaries are very complex. Generally speaking, the Accounts Department is __1__ for calculations of pay, while the Personnel Department is interested in discussions with the employees about pay.
If a firm wants to __2__ a new wage and salary structure, it is essential that the firm should decide on a __3__ of job evaluation and ways of measuring the performance of its employees. In order to be __4__, that new pay structure will need agreement between Trade Unions and employers. In job evaluation, all of the requirements of each job are defined in a detailed job description. Each of thsoe requirements is given a value, usually in "points", which are __5__ together to give a total value for the job. For middle and higher management, a special method is used to evaluate managers on their knowledge of the job, their responsibility, and their __6__ to solve problems. Because of the difficulty in measuring management work, however, job grades for managers are often decided without __7__ to an evaluation system based on points.
In attempting to design a pay system, the Personnel Department should __8__ the value of each job with these in the job market. __9__, payment for a job should vary with any differences in the way that the job is performed. Where it is simple to measure the work done, as in the works done with hands, monetary encouragement schemes are often chosen, for __10__ workers, where measurement is difficult, methods of additional payments are employed.
[A]compare
[B]responsible
[C]useful
[D]added
[E]find
[F]reference
[G]indirect
[H]method
[I]successful
[J]combined
[K]Necessarily
[L]capacity
[M]ability
[N]Basically
[O]adopt
参考答案：
1. B
2. O
3. H
4. I
5. D
6. M
7. F
8. A
9. K
10. G
Americans are proud of their variety and individualty, yet they love and respect few things more than a uniform. Why are uniforms so __1__ in the United States?
Among the arguments for uniforms, one of the first is that in the eyes of most people they look more __2__ than civilian clothes. People have become conditioned to __3__ superior quality from a man who wears a uniform. The television repairman who wears a uniform tends to __4__ more trust than one who appears in civilian clothes. Faith in the __5__ of a garage mechanic is increased by a uniform. What an easier way is there for a nurse, a policeman, a barber, or a waiter to __6__ professional identity than to step out of uniform? Uniforms also have many __7__ benefits. They save on other clothes. They save on laundry bills. They are often more comfortable and more durable than civilian clothes.
Primary among the arguments against uniforms is their lack of variety and the consequent loss of __8__ experienced by people who must wear them. Though there are many types of uniforms, the wearer of any particular type is generally stuck with it, without __9__, until retirement. When people look alike, they tend to think, speak, and act __10__, on the job at least.
[A] skill
[B] popular
[C] get
[D] change
[E] similarly
[F] professional
[G] character
[H] individuality
[I] inspire
[J] differently
[K] expect
[L] practical
[M] recall
[N] lose
[O] ordinary
参考答案：
1. B
2. F
3. K
4. I
5. A
6. N
7. L
8. H
9. D
10. E