四级段落信息匹配题练习

　　C) First of all, I have to say what we have in common with other charter schools because we have learned so much from them: creating an expectation that all students will attend college, naming classrooms after colleges, the longer school day, the longer school year. I feel it's important to give credit where credit is due because I learned from them. In those early years when I opened the school, most of these other schools bad been around for seven years, ten years, some of them even longer.

　　D ) As far as what makes us different, I'll tell you what the teachers say: teachers tell us that the level of professionalism and passion for teaching at a high level and teaching above the test, not to the test, and working in an environment, where everybody is trusted to do their job and continually learning--there's this incredible culture of learning. There's this incredible workplace culture where the adults are continually becoming better and learning more about how to become a better lead her. The teachers get to make all of the decisions 'about their own professional development rather than being enforced to at tend the training. They are treated like professional-grade' doctors and lawyers at the. Highest level. They actually make the decisions not only about what books to use and what teaehing methed, but even about what their own professional development Ioukslike.There's a very clear set of standards far what the students need to know and be "able to do at the end of each year and quarter, and we hold people accountable for that end goal. But we give them complete freedom to decide how they're going to achieve it, which is how all professionals are treated. Unfortunately, it's not how most teachers are treated inthis country. Most teachers are treated like factory workers, where there's a hig set ofrules on how they have to do everything.

　　What does the curriculum look like at Harlem Village Academy schools?

　　E) It looks like a classic liberal-arts curriculum, where math, reading, and writing are not the only subjects taught. Even if the state focuses its testing on those things, we do not let the state dictate our curriculum. We are interested in a rich curriculum that includes art and music and seience and social studies and a wide variety of electives, and character education is integrated throughout.

　　How do you address the criticisms people have regarding charter schools?

　　F) I'd say that the .main criticisms are stemming from the fact that in a charter system the teachers are not unionized, and they're treated as professionals instead of as manual laborers. The charter movement is challenging the current situation, it's eoming along and saying we used to completely change the underlying premiere ( 前提) of how we go about public education. Parents should be able to choose the scherzi. We should give power to all parents, regardless of socioeonomie level, to choose where they send their child, and that creates market competition: if you have an amazing school with caring teachers and great results, parents are going to ~ant to choose that school. The charter movement is putting the needs of children first anti is holding teachers accountable. It ehalleuges the notion of tenure (终身教职), where there's no accountability at all.

　　What's next for you and the Harlem Village Academies?

　　G) We are going to triple (增至三倍) in size in the next twn years. We will have a full K -12 system. We're starting two new elementary schools, we will be serving 2,000 children, but we are not eager to grow super-big. We want to use the platform of what we' re learned and the results that we've produced--that ant teachers have produced--to have an ational influence on policy and on teaching methods. The laws that govern how school srun constrain the ability of the printcipal to run the school well. They're not allowed to build a team. And building a team where teachers are trusted, happy and cooperative is really the foundation for an excellent school. So we want to find a way to get our message out nationally and continue to be part of the movement.

　　1. In the Harlem Village Academies. teachers can decide themselves how they are going to achieve the teaching objectives.

　　2. The charter movement challenges the tenure system in making children's needs apriority and holding, teachers responsible.

　　3. The Harlem Village Academies will be able to enroll 2,000 ehildren in the next twoyears

　　4. Deborah Kenny admits that she learns a lot from other charter schools.

　　5. The curriculum at Harlem Village Academies not only includes the subjects frequentlytested.

　　6.The Harlem Village Academies are eager to exert a national influence on policy and teaching methods.

　　7. Students entering the Harlem Village Academies are from the regular public system.

　　8. Deborah Kenny decides to create and run the Harlem Village Academies because sheis disappointed about the current education system.

　　9. Charter schools are mainly criticized for treating the teachers as professionals.

　　10. One of the challenges facing the Harlern Village Academies is how to accelerate students' mastery of the basics.

　　1.D).【题干译文】在哈勒姆村庄学校，老师们可以自己决定如何完成教学目标。【定位】由题千巾的Harlem Village Academics，teachers can decide themselves以及objectives定位到原文D)段倒数第三、四句：There’s a very clear set of standards for what the students need to know and be able to do at the end of cach year and quarter.and we hold people accountable for that end goal;But We give them I complete freedom to decides how they’re going to achieve it，…

　　【精解】由定位句可知，哈勒姆村庄学校对学生们到年末和季末需要掌握的知识有着明确标准，老师们负责达成这些目标，但是在达成目标的手段方面，老师们有绝对的自由。题干中的Call decide themselves和achieve the teaching objectives分别对应定位句中的give them complete freedom to decide和achieve it，故答案为D)。

　　2.F)。【题干译文】公办民营学校运动将学生需求放在首位，让老师负起责任，从而向终身聘任制发起挑战。

　　【定位】由题干中的charter movement和tenure system定位到原文F)段最后两句：The Charter movement is putting the needs of children first and is holding teacher>accountable.It challenges the notion of tenure(终身教职).where there’s no accountability at all.

　　【精解】由定位句可知，公办民营学校优先考虑学生的需要，让老师承担其责任.这与老师原来的“终身教职”的概念不同。题干中的making children’s needs a priority和holding teachers responsible分别对应原文中的putting the needs of children first和holding teachers accountable，故答案为F)。

　　3.G)，【题干译文】未来两年内，哈勒姆村庄学校将有能力接收2000名学生。

　　【定位】由题干中的2，000 children in the next two years定位到原文G)段第一句，

　　We are going to triple(增至三倍)in size in the next two years.和第三句：we’re starting two new elementary schools，we will be servin9 2，000 children...

　　【精解】定位句提到，哈勒姆村庄学校未来两年内规模将扩大三倍。后面的二、三句均是在补充说明第一句，具体描述规模扩大的程度，其中第三句提到，哈勒姆村庄学校将新建两所小学，届时将能接收2000名学生。题干中的will be able to enroll 2.000 children对应原文中的we will be servin9 2，000 children，题干中的in the next two years对应G)段第一句，故答案为G)。

　　4.C)。【题千译文】黛博拉•肯尼承认她从其他公办民营学校那学到了很多。

　　【定位】由题干中的Deborah Kenny和learns a lot from other charter schools定位到原文c)段第一句：First of all，I have to say what we have in common with other charter schools because we have learned so much from them...

　　【精解】由定位句可知，黛博拉•肯尼认为哈勒姆村庄学校与其他公办民营学校有相似之处，因为这些学校给予黛博拉•肯尼许多参考之处。题干中的learns a lot对应原文中的learned SO much，故答案为c)。

　　5.E)。【题干译文】哈勒姆村庄学校的课程不是只包含那些经常被测试的科目。

　　【定位】由题干中的curriculum at Harlem Village Academies和tested定位到原文E)段第一句：It looks like a classic liberal—arts curriculum，where math，readin9.and writing are not the only subjects taught.Even if the state focuses its testing on those things，we do not let the state dictate our curriculum.

　　【精解】由定位句可知，数学、阅读和写作是经常被测试的科目，但哈勒姆村庄学校不是只包含这些科目，他们不会让考试牵着鼻子走。题干中的not only includes the subject frequently tested是对原文中are not the only subjects taught和do not let the state dictate our curriculum的同义转述，故答案为E)。

　　6.G)。【题干译文】哈勒姆村庄学校迫切想要影响教育政策和方法。

　　【定位】由题干中的a national influence on policy and teaching methods定位到原文G)段第四句：We want to use the platform of what we’ve learned and the results that we’re produced--that our teachers have produced--to have a national influence On policy and on teaching methods.

　　【精解】由定位句可知，哈勒姆村庄学校并不急于扩张，而是要利用已有的平台和成果，在政策和教学方法方面产生全国性的影响。题干中的eager对应原文中的want;exert a national influence对应原文中的have a national influence，故答案为G)。

　　7.B)。【题干译文】进入哈勒姆村庄学校的学生来自普通的公立教育系统。

　　【定位】由题干中的Harlem Village Academies和regular public system定位到原文B)段第四句：We’re dealing with a little bit of a challenge because students enter this school from the regular public system.

　　【精解】由定位句可知，进入哈勒姆村庄学校的学生来自普通的公立教育系统，这给老师们的教育带来一些挑战。题干与定位句一致，故答案为B)。

　　8.A)。【题干译文】出于对现行教育制度的失望，黛博拉•肯尼决定创办哈勒姆村庄学校。

　　【定位】由题干中的Deborah Kermy decides to create and ran the Harlem Village Academies和current education system定位到原文A)段前两句：Deborah Kenny，CEO of the Harlem Village Academies，is frustrated with the nation’s current education system.Unlike most，though，she decided to do something about it.

　　【精解】由定位句可知，黛博拉•肯尼对现行教育制度感到失望，与多数人不同的是，她决定有所行动。结合全文可知，她的行动就是创办哈勒姆村庄学校。题干中的is disappointed about对应原文中的is frustrated with，其他的内容与原文一致，故答案为A)。

　　9.F)。【题干译文】公办民营学校遭到批评的主要原因是他们把老师当作职业人士看待。

　　【定位】由题干中的Charter schools are nminly criticized和professionals定位到原文F)段第一句：I'd say that the main criticisms are stern rning from the fact that in a charter system the teachers able not unionized，and they’re treated as professionals instead of as manual laborers.

　　【精解】由定位句可知，对于这一新兴的教育体系的大多数批评来自于一个事实，即这里把老师当作职业人士，而不是体力劳动者。题干中的are mainly criticized for对应原文中的main criticisms are stemming from，故答案为F)。

　　10.B)。【题干译文】哈勒姆村庄学校面临的挑战之一是如何让学生们快速掌握基础知识。

　　【定位】由题干中的challenges，Harlem Village Academies和mastery of the basics定位到原文B)段第七句：So we have to accelerate their mastery of the basics，but we reject the idea that if you do that you Can’t teach that at a high level.

　　【精解】由定位句可知，哈勒姆学校必须让学生们快速掌握基础知识，且该段前几句提到，哈勒姆学校的学生都来自公立教育系统，对基础知识的掌握情况不太理想，这是哈勒姆学校面临的挑战。题干是对定位句和B)段第四、五句的整合.故答案为B)。

　　四级段落信息匹配题练习　：A Grassroots Remedy

　　A) Most of us spend our lives seeking the natural world. To this end, we walk the dog, play golf, go fishing, sit in the garden, drink outside rather than inside the pub, have a picnic, live in the suburbs, go to the seaside, buy a weekend place in the country. The most popular leisure activity in Britain is going for a walk. And when joggers (慢跑者) jog, they don't run the streets. Every one of the minstinctively heads to the park or the river. It is my profound belief that not only do we all need nature, but we all seek nature, whether we know we are doing so or not.

　　B) But despite this, our children are growing up nature-deprived ( 丧失) , I spent my boyhood climbing trees on Stratham Common, south London. These days, children are robbed of these an cientfreedoms, due to problems like crime, traffic, the loss of the open spaces and odd new perceptions about what is best for children, that is to say, things that can be bought, rather than things that can be found.

　　C) The truth is to be found elsewhere. A study in the U.S. families had moved to better housing and　the children were assessed for ADHD -- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ( 多动症) .Those　whose accommodation had more natural views showed an improvement of 19%; those who had the　same improvement in material surroundings but no nice view improved just 4%.

　　D) A study in Sweden indicated that kindergarten children who could play in a natural environment had　less illness and greater physical ability than children used only to a normal playground. A U.S. study　suggested that when a school gave children access to a natural environment, academic levels were　raised across the entire school.

　　E) Another study found that children play differently in a natural environment. In playgrounds, children create a hierarchy (等级) based on physical abilities, with the tough ones taking the lead. But when a grassy area was planted with bushes, the children got much more into fantasy play, and the social hierarchy was now based on imagination and creativity.

　　F) Most bullying (持枪凌弱) is found in schools where there is a tarmac (柏油碎石) play ground; the least bullying is in a natural area that the children are encouraged to explore. This reminds mean pleasantly of Sunny hill School in Stratham, with its harsh tarmac, where I used to hang about incomers fantasizing about wildlife. The children are frequently discouraged from involvement with natural spaces, for health and safety reasons, for fear that they might get dirty or that they might cause damage. So, instead, the damage is done to the children themselves: not to their bodies but to their souls.

　　G) One of the great problems of modem childhood is ADHD, now increasingly and expensively treated with drugs. Yet one study after another indicates that contact with nature gives huge benefits to ADHD children. However, we spend money on drugs rather than on green places.

　　H) The life of old people is measurably better when they have access to nature. The increasing emphasis for the growing population of old people is in quality rather than quantity of years. And study after study finds that a garden is the single most important thing in finding that quality.

　　I) In wider and more difficult areas of life, there is evidence to indicate that natural surroundingsim prove all kinds of things. Even problems with crime and aggressive behavior are reduced when there is contact with the natural world. Dr. William Bird, researcher from the Royal Society for the Protection of birds, states in his study, "A natural environment can reduce violent behavior because its restorative process helps reduce anger and impulsive behavior." Wild places need encouraging for this reason, no matter how small their contribution.

　　J) We tend to look on nature conservation as some kind of favor that human beings are granting to the natural world. The error here is far too deep: not only do humans need nature for themselves, but the very idea that humanity and the natural world are separable things is profoundly damaging. Human beings are a species of mammals (哺乳动物) . For seven million years they lived on the planet as part of nature. Our ancestral selves miss the natural world and long for contact with nonhuman life. Anyone who has patted a dog, stoked a cat, sat under a tree with a pint of beer, given or received a bunch of flowers or chosen to walk through the park on a nice day, understands that. We need the wild world. It is essential to our well-being, our health, our happiness. Without the wild world we are not more but less civilized. Without other living things around us we are less than human.

　　K) Five Ways to Find Harmony with the Natural World Walk: Break the rhythm of permanently being under a roof. Get off a stop earlier, make a circuit of the park at lunchtime, walk the child to and from school, get a dog, feel yourself moving in moving air, look, listen, absorb.

　　Sit: Take a moment, every now and then, to be still in an open space. In the garden, anywhere that's not in the office, anywhere out of the house, away from the routine. Sit under a tree, look at water, feel refreshed, ever so slightly renewed.

　　Drink: The best way to enjoy the natural world is by oneself; the second best way is in company. Take a drink outside with a good person, a good gathering: talk with the sun and the wind with bird-song for background.

　　Learn: Expand your boundaries. Leam five species of bird, five butterflies, five trees, five bird songs. That way, you see and hear more: and your mind responds gratefully to the greater amount of wildness in your life.

　　Travel: The places you always wanted to visit: by the seaside, in the country, in the hills. Take a week-end break, a day-trip, get out these and do it: for the scenery, for the way through the woods, for the birds, for the bees. Go somewhere special and bring specialness home. It lasts forever, after all.

　　46. The study in Sweden shows that more access to nature makes children less likely to fall ill.

　　47. The author's profound belief is that people instinctively seek nature in different ways.

　　48. It can be very helpful to provide more green spaces for children with ADHD.

　　49. Elderly people will enjoy a life of better quality when they contact more with nature.

　　50. Nowadays, people think things that can be bought are best for children, rather than things that can be found.

　　51. Dr. William Bird suggests in his study that access to nature contributes to the reduction of violence.52. According to a study in the U. S. Children with ADHD whose accommodation had more natural　views showed much better improvement.

　　53. Children who have chances to explore natural areas are less likely to be involved in bullying.

　　54. We can find harmony with the natural world in various ways, among which there are walking,　sitting, drinking, learning and traveling.

　　55. It is extremely harmful to think that humanity and the natural world can be separated.

　　大自然疗法

　　A)【47】我们中的大多数人都套花时间寻求与大自然亲近。为此，我们会遛狗，打高尔夫，钓鱼，去花园静坐，在外面喝酒而不是去酒馆，去野餐，在郊区居住，逛海边以及花钱去乡村度周末。英国最受欢迎的休闲活动是散步。慢跑者不会在大街上跑步，都会本能地向公园或小河边跑。我深信，我们不仅需要大自然，而且我们也都在寻觅着大自然，不管我们有没有认识到这一点。

　　B)尽管如此，我们的孩子们似乎正在丧失自然的天性。我的童年是在伦敦南部的Streatham Common度过的，那时候我很喜欢爬树。现如今，孩子们的那些自由已经被剥夺了，因为犯罪、交通问题层出不穷，露天场所大量流失，【50】还有一些关于什么是对孩子们最好的奇怪新观念，觉得是能买到的东西，而不是可以发现的东西。

　　C)这一现象在其他地方也得到了证实。美国人做了一项调查：关于家庭住房条件的改善对患多动症的孩子的影响。【52】调查发现，住在自然风光视野更开阔的房子里的患儿改善了19%，而那些住在物质条件得到同等改善，但没有魅力的自然风景的房于里的患儿仅改善了4%。

　　D)【46】瑞典的一项研究显示， 在自然环境中玩要的幼儿园小朋友比在只习惯在正规运动场玩耍的小朋友少患病，身依也更健康。美国的一项研究也表明，如果学校让孩子们接触自然环境，整个学校的学术水平也会上一个新台阶。

　　E)另一项研究发现，孩子们在自然环境中玩耍，其表现也不尽相同。在运动场上，孩子们会因体能的差异而形成一种等级秩序，身体结实的占主导地位。但是，如果在一片种了几丛灌木的绿草坪上，孩子们的玩耍更多的则和想象力有关，他们的等级秩序建立在想象力和创造力上。

　　F)【53】大多数恃强凌弱的现象发生在有柏油碎石运动场的学校，在鼓励孩子探索的自然环境中则很少发生。这让我想起了在Streatham的Sunnyhill学校里的不愉快的经历，学校里有粗糙的柏油碎石路，我常常躲在角落里幻想着外边的野生动植物。但是，因为健康和安全的原因，担心孩子们会把自己弄脏或让自己受伤，他们往往被阻止去接触自然环境。结果，这样做反而对他们造成了伤害：不是身体上受伤，而是心灵上受伤。

　　G)现代儿童所面临的最重大的问题之一是多动症。越来越多的孩子已开始接受贵重的药物治疗。【48】但是。众多研究表明，与自然接触对患有多动症的孩子最有益。 虽然如此，我们还是把钱花在了药物上，而非绿色的生活空间上.

　　H)【49】如果老年人有接触大自然的机会， 他们的生活状况会明显改善不少。随着老年人的增多，我们应该更多地关注他们的生活质量，雨不是生命年限。众多研究发现，花园是提高老年人生活质量唯一最重要的因素。

　　I) 有证据显示，在更加广阔、更困难的地区生活时，自然环境能改善一切事物。甚至在与自然界接触时，和犯罪和攻击行为有关的问题也减少了。英国皇家鸟类保护协会的研究员William Bird博士在他的研究中有这样的陈述：【51】“自然环境能减少暴力行为，因为其恢复过程有助于减少愤怒和冲动。”为此，不管有多大作用，我们都应该多鼓励人们去野外走走。

　　J) 我们倾向于把自然环境保护看作是人类赏给大自然的一种恩赐。l551但是，从深层次来理解，这种观念是不正确的：不仅人类本身就很需要大自然， 而且这种把人类与自然界割裂矛来的观念是毁灭性的。人类是一种哺乳动物。700万年来，作为大自然的一部分，他们生活在这个星球上。人类天生眷恋着大自然，也渴望与身边的其他种类的生命接触。喜欢逗狗，抚摸小猫，坐树下喝一品脱啤酒，送人花束或接受花束，以及在天气好的时候去公园散步的朋友应该很清楚这一点。我们需要大自然，因为它对我们的快乐、健康和幸福至关重要。没有大自然，我们的文明只能倒退而无法前进。没有其他生物围绕在我们周围，我们也不能被称为人类。

　　K)【54】五种与大自然和谐相处的方法

　　散步：打破长久呆在屋檐下的节奏。提前一站下车，吃午餐时绕公园走一圈，让孩子徒步上下学，养狗，在流动的空气中放松自己，观察，倾听和吸收。

　　静坐：经常花些时间去露天场所坐一会儿。可以是花园，可以是办公室之外的其他地方，可以是住所外面的其他地方，总之，是远离自己日常工作生活的地方。坐在树下，看看水面，感觉神清气爽，如此也略微恢复了精神。

　　喝酒：享受大自然最好的方式是一个人欣赏，其次是找个人陪同。和好朋友在外面喝一杯，好好聚一次：谈天论地，以阳光和风中的鸟声做伴。

　　学习：扩大你的知识面。了解五种鸟类，五种蝴蝶，五种树木和五类鸟声。通过这种方式，你看多、听多了之后，心灵也会渐渐对生活中更多的自然现象作出反应。

　　旅行：去你一直想去的地方：海边，乡下或小山坡。周末可以抽一天去那里，为观风景，为走那条林间小道，为听鸟儿的欢声笑语，为看成群的蜜蜂。去一个特殊的地方，带特别的东西回来。毕竟，它会持续很久。

　　46.The study in Sweden shows that more access to nature makes children less likely to fall ill.瑞典的研究说明更多接触大自然让孩子更可能少生病。

　　【解析】 D)。细节题。根据句中关键词a study in Sweden定位至D)段首句。瑞典的一项研究显示，在自然环境中玩耍的幼儿园小朋友比在只习惯在正规运动场玩耍的小朋友少患病，身体也更健康。

　　47.The author’S profound belief is that people instinctively seek nature in different ways.作者深信人们本能地会通过各种方式寻找大自然。

　　【解析】A)。细节题。根据句中的“the author’s profound belief"可定位至文章A)段末句。作者深信人类不仅需要大自然，而且都在寻觅着大自然。

　　48.It can be very helpful to provide more green spaces for children with ADHD.给多动症儿童提供更多绿色的生活空间会对他们大有帮助。

　　【解析】 G)。细节题。根据句中关键词children with ADHD和green spaces可定位至G)段倒数两句。但是，众多研究表明，与自然接触对患有多动症的孩子最有益。虽然如此，我们还是把钱花在了药物上，而非绿色的生活空间上。

　　49.Elderly people will enjoy a life of beber quality when they contact more with nature.老年人多接触自然可享受优质生活。

　　【解析】 H)。归纳题。根据句中关键词elderly people可定位至H)段。“如果老年人有接触大自然的机会，他们的生活状况会明显改善不少。随着老年人的增多，我们应该更多地关注他们的生活质量，而不是生命年限。众多研究发现，花园是提高老年人生活质量唯一最重要的因素。”句中是对此段的简要归纳。

　　50.Nowadays，people think things that can be bought are best for children，rather than things that Can be found.如今，人们觉得可以买到的东西对孩子最好，而不是可以发现的东西。

　　【解析】B)。细节题。根据句中关键词things that Can be bough found和best for children可定位至B)段末句。还有一些关于什么是对孩子们最好的奇怪新观念，觉得是能买到的东西，而不是可以发现的东西。

　　51.Dr.William Bird suggests in his study that access to nature contributes to the reduction of violence.William Bird博士在研究中提到接近大自然有助于减少暴力行为。

　　【解析】 I)。细节题。由句中的Dr.William Bird定位至I)段倒数第二句。他在研究中提出这样的观点：自然环境能减少暴力行为，因为其恢复过程有助于减少愤怒和冲动。

　　52.According to a study in the U.S.Children with ADHD whose accommodation had more natural views showedmuch beRer improvement.

　　美国一项研究显示：住在自然风光视野更开阔的房子里的多动症儿童进步幅度更大。

　　【解析】 C)。推理题。根据句中关键词a study in the U.S.定位至C)段。该段指出调查发现，住在自然风光视野更开阔的房子里的患儿改善了19%，而那些住在物质条件得到同等改善，但没有美丽的自然风景的房子里的患儿仅改善了4%。由此可以推演出：住在自然风光视野更开阔的房子里的多动症儿童进步幅度更大。

　　53.Children who have chances to explore natural areas are less likely to be involved in bullying.

　　有机会探索自然界的孩子不太可能恃强凌弱。

　　【解析】 F)。细节题。根据句中关键词explore natural areas定位至F)段首句。大多数恃强凌弱的现象发生在有柏油碎石运动场的学校，在鼓励孩子探索的自然环境中则很少发生。

　　54.We can find harmony with the natural world in various ways，among which there are walking，sitting，drinking，learning andtravelin9.与自然和谐相处方式多多，比如：散步、静坐、畅饮、学习和旅行。

　　【解析】 K)。归纳题。根据句中关键词find harmony with the natural world可定位至K)段末段。该段列举与自然和谐相处的方式，而句中是对整段的概括。

　　55.It is extremely harmful to think that humanity and the natural world can be separated.

　　人类和自然世界可以分离，这种想法是非常有害的。

　　【解析】 J)。细节题。根据句中关键词humanity and the natural和separated定位至J)段第二句。原句为“but the very idea that humanity and the natural world are separable things is profoundly damagin9”(而这种把人类与自然界割裂开来的观念是毁灭性的。)