英语四级长篇阅读练习题与答案
C. Some mental-health specialists wanted "Internet addiction" to be included in the fifth version of psychiatry's bible, the"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders", known as DSM-V, which is currently being overhauled (全面修订). The American Medical Association endorsed (赞成) the idea in 2007, only to backtrack( 放弃) days later. The American Journal of Psychiatry called Internet addiction a "common disorder" and supported its recognition. Last year the DSM-V drafting group made its decision: lnteruet addiction would not be included as a "behavioral addiction"--only gambling made the cut--but it said further study was necessary.
D. Skeptics say there is nothing uniquely addictive about the Internet. Back in 2000, Joseph Walther, a communications professor at Michigan State University, co-wrote an article in which he suggested, tongue in cheek, that the criteria used to call someone an Internet addict might also show that most professors were "addicted" to academia (学术活动). He argued that other factors, such as depression, are the real problem.
He stands by that view today. "No scientific evidence has emerged to suggest that lnternet use is a cause rather than a consequence of some other sort of issue," he says. "Focusing on and treating people for Internet addiction, rather than looking for underlying clinical issues, is definitely unwise."
E. Others disagree. "That would be wrong," says Kimberly Young, a researcher and therapist who has worked on Interact addiction since 1994. She insists that the Internet, with its powerfully immersive environments, creates new problems that people must learn to navigate(应对). Otherwise, the changing lifestyle will affect the development of the society.
F.No one disputes that online habits can turn toxic. Take South Korea, where widespread broadband means that the average high-school student plays video games for 23 hours each week. In 2007 the government estimated that around 210,000 children needed treatment for Internet addiction. In 2010 newspapers around the globe carried the story of a South Korean couple who fed their infant daughter so little that she starved to death. Instead of caring for the child, the couple spent most nights at an Internet cafe, sinking hours into a role- playing game in which they raised, fed and cared for a virtual daughter. And several South Korean men have died from exhaustion after marathon, multi-day gaming sessions.
G. The South Korean government has since asked game developers to adopt a gaming curfew (宵禁) for children, to prevent them playing between midnight and 8 a.m. At the same time, it has also opened more than 100 clinics for Internet addiction and sponsored an "Internet rescue camp" for serious cases.
H. But compulsive behaviour is not limited to garners. E-mail or web-use behaviours can also show signs of addiction. Getting through a business lunch in which no one pulls out a phone to check their messages now counts as a minor miracle in many quarters. A deluge (泛滥) of self-help books, most recently "Alone Together" by Sherry Turlde, a social scientist at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, offer advice on how to unplug (去除障碍).
I.Pornography is hardly new, either, but the Internet makes accessing it much easier than ever before. When something can be summoned in an instant via broadband, whether it is a game world, an e-mail inbox or pornographic material, it is harder to resist. New services lead to new complaints. When online auction sites first became popular, talk of "eBay addiction" soon followed. Dr. Young says women complain to her now about addiction to Facebook--or even to "FarmVille", a game playable only within Facebook.
J.Treatment centres have popped up around the world with the popularity of online games. In 2006 Amsterdam's Smith & Jones facility billed itself as "the first and, currently, the only residential video-game treatment program in the world". In America the reSTART Internet Addiction Recovery Program claims to treat Internet addiction, gaming addiction, and even "texting addiction". In China, meanwhile, military-style "boot camps" are the preferred way to treat Internet problems.
K. Yet many people like feeling permanently connected. As Arikia Millikan, an American blogger, once put it, "If I could be jacked in at every waking hour of the day, I would, and I think a lot of my peers would do the, same." Bob LaRose, an Internet specialist at Michigan State University, doesn't believe her. In his research on college students, he found that most sense when they are "going overboard and restore self-control". Less than1% have a pathological(病态的) problem, he adds. For most people, Internet use "is just a habit--and one that brings us pleasure."
46. According to Joseph Walther, it is unwise to emphasize the treatment of Internet addiction instead of seeking for potential clinical issues.
47. As online games become popular, treatment centres have sprung up all over the world.
48. After playing online games continuously for days, several South Korean men were exhausted to death.
49. Smallwood sued NCsoft and claimed a huge compensation for fraud and its negligence of warning him of the danger of game addiction.
50. In South Korea, a gaming curfew for children was adopted to prevent children playing after midnight.
5l. Internet addiction still needs to be further studied though the DSM-V did not categorize it as a "behavioral addiction".
52. An lnternet specialist found that most college students could realize when they are going too far and restore self-control.
53. According to mental-health specialists, for many people, video games, pornography and messaging via e-mail and social networks can become problematic online behaviors.
54. People regard it as a small miracle if nobody takes out a phone to read the messages at a business lunch.
55. Kimberly Young insists that people must learn to deal with new problems brought about by the Interact.
【参考译文】
真的是“上瘾”吗
A.强迫性的上网行为是否属于成瘾行为，又该如何治疗，心理健康专家对此意见不一。Craig Smallwood是美国的一位伤残退伍军人。五年间，他花了两万多小时玩一个名为“天堂Ⅱ”的在线角色扮演类游戏。当该游戏的开发商，韩国NCsoft公司指责Craig违反游戏规则，并将他的游戏账号封停时，他突然陷入抑郁及严重的偏执和幻想之中。[49]他到医院接受了三周的治疗。在这之后，smanwood以欺诈和过失为由控告Ncsoft公司，声称该公司没有告诫他该游戏的“网瘾”危害，要求获得900多万美元的赔偿金。
B.但是上网是否属于一种成瘾的行为呢?[53]心理健康专家认为有三种网络行为对很多人来说可能是问题性的(即容易停不下来)：玩电子游戏、浏览色情作品以及通过电子邮件和社交网络收发信息。然而，关于这些网络行为是否能被称为“网瘾”，又该如何治疗，专家们远未达成一致。
C.一些心理健康专家希望将“网瘾”列入新近正在全面修订的第五版精神病学的圣经——《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》(即第五版DSM)中。2007年，美国医学会曾一度赞成这一想法，但数天之后却改变了态度。《美国精神病学杂志》将网瘾称作一种“常见疾病”，并主张予以认定。[51]去年，第五版《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》编撰小塑决定，网瘾将不会被划入“行为成瘾”范畴——只有赌博行为被划入此列—二但是有必要对网瘾进一步展开研究。
D.持怀疑态度的人认为，互联网并没有让人上瘾的特性。早在2000年，美国密歇根州立大学传播学教授Joseph Walther就曾在与他人合作的一篇文章中颇具讽刺性地写道，用来评价某人是“网络狂”的那个标准或许也显示了大多数的教授都是“学术狂”。Walther教授认为，诸如抑郁等其他因素才是真正的问题所在。他至今仍坚持这种观点。他说：“尚无科学依据证实网瘾是由于使用互联网，而不是由其他因素造成的。[46]如果只是关注和治疗上网成瘾，而不去寻找潜藏的临床问题，这绝对是不明智的。”
E.也有人反对这种说法。自1994年便开始研究网瘾的研究员、心理治疗师KimbertyYoung表示：“那种说法可能有误。”[55]Young强调，互联网环境具有强大的吸引力，人们必须学会应对由其引发的新问题。否则，不断变化的生活方式将会影响社会的发展。
F.没有人质疑习惯性上网会对人有害(这个事实)。以韩国为例，宽带的普及导致韩国的高中生平均每周玩23个小时的电子游戏。2007年，韩国政府估计有近21万的儿童需要接受网瘾治疗。2010年全球的报纸都报道了一则新闻，即一对韩国夫妻因喂养不足导致女婴被饿死。这对夫妻不照顾现实中的亲生女儿，却大多数夜晚都泡在网吧里，沉浸在一个在线喂养和照顾虚拟女儿的角色扮演游戏中。[48]另外，还有几名韩国男性多日持续沉浸于网络游戏，因疲劳过度而死亡。
G.[50]此后，韩国政府要求游戏开发商对儿童采取网游宵禁，禁止他们在午夜到早晨8点之间玩游戏。同时，政府还开设了100家网瘾治疗诊所，并资助了针对严重病例开办的“网瘾拯救营”。
H.但强迫性上网行为并不仅仅局限于网游玩家。使用电子邮件和浏览网页也可能表现出上瘾的迹象。[54]如果在一次商业午餐中，没有人拿出手机查看信息，那么在许多人看来这都算是个小小的奇迹。现在有许多“自救”书籍，例如美国麻省理工学院的社会学家Sherry Turkle最近就出版了一本新书《一起孤独》，书中为如何摆脱网瘾提供了建议。
I.色情作品由来已久，但是网络让人们比以往更容易接触到色情资源。无论是游戏还是电子邮件，或是色情资源，只要是能够通过宽带网络立刻获得的东西，人们就很难抵挡其诱惑。新型服务会滋生新的问题。自网上拍卖网站开始流行后，不久“eBay上瘾”的说法就随之而来。Young医生表示，现在有很多女性向她诉苦，因为Facebook或只能在Facebook上玩的“开心农场”游戏让她们非常上瘾。
J.[47]堕着网络游戏的流行，治疗中心在全球如雨后春笋般出现。2006年，位于阿姆斯特丹的史密斯与琼斯治疗中心成立，并自称为“目前世界上第一家、也是唯一一家寄宿式电子游戏瘾治疗中心”。美国reSTART网瘾康复项目声称能治疗网瘾、游戏瘾，甚至还有“短信瘾”。在中国，军事化管理的“训练营”成为了治疗网瘾的主要方式。
K.然而许多人喜欢保持在线的感觉。美国的一位博主ArikiaMillikan曾经说过：“如果可以的话，我愿意在我醒着的每时每刻都在线，我相信我的很多同龄人也会这么做。”然而，美国密歇根州立大学的互联网专家BobLaRose对此表示怀疑。[52]在他对大学生展开的一项研究中，LaRose发现他们中的大多数人一旦感觉自己玩得太过火，就会恢复自控。LaRose还表示，只有不到1%的人会出现病态问题。对于大部分人来说，使用网络“只是一种习惯——并且是一种能够带来快乐的习惯”。
【答案解析】
46.D
解析：题干意为，根据JosephWalther所说，只关注对上网成瘾的治疗，而不寻找其潜在的临床问题，这是不明智的。注意抓住题干中的关键信息Joseph Walther、unwise、instead of和potential clinicalissues，文中论及JosephWalther教授观点的内容出现在D段，该段倒数第二句提到，Walther教授认为尚无科学依据证实网瘾是由于使用互联网，而不是由其他因素造成的。该段最后一句则提到，Walther教授认为，如果只是关注和治疗上网成瘾，而不去寻找潜藏的临床问题，这绝对是不明智的。由此可知，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为D。
47.J
解析：题干意为，随着网络游戏变得流行，治疗中心在全球各地不断涌现。注意抓住题干中的关键信息online games、popular和treatment centres。文中论及全球涌现治疗中心的内容出现在J段，该段首句提到，随着网络游戏的流行，治疗中心在全球如雨后春笋般出现。其中，题干中的spring up对应原文中的popup，由此可知，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为J。
48.F
解析：题干意为，在数日不间断地玩网络游戏之后，几名韩国男性因精疲力竭而死。注意抓住题干中的关键信息several South Korean men和exhausted。文中论及韩国人受到网瘾危害的内容出现在F段，该段第一句提到人们一致认为上网成瘾对人有害。该段最后一句则提到了几名韩国男性多日持续沉浸于网络游戏，因疲劳过度而死亡的例子。由此可知，题于是对原文的同义转述，故答案为F。
49.A
解析：题干意为，Smallwood以欺诈和疏于告知其可能游戏成瘾的罪名控告NCsoft公司，并索取巨额的赔偿。注意抓住题干中的关键信息Smallwood、NCsoft和fraudanditsnegligence。文中论及Smallwood的内容出现在A段，该段提到，Craig SmMlwood因违反游戏规则，被游戏开发商韩国NCsoft公司封停了游戏账号，为此他极度抑郁，并陷入严重的偏执和幻想中。该段最后一句提到，Smallwoo以欺诈和过失为由控告NCsoft公司，声称该公司没有告诫他该游戏的“网瘾”危害，要求获得900多万美元的赔偿金。由此可知，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为A。
50.G
解析：题干意为，在韩国实行了网游宵禁，以阻止儿童在午夜之后继续玩网络游戏。注意抓住题干中的关键信息SouthKorea和gaming curfew。文中论及韩国实行网游宵禁的内容出现在G段，该段第一句提到，韩国政府要求游戏开发商对儿童采取网游宵禁，禁止他们在午夜到早晨8点之间玩游戏。由此可知，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为G。
51.C
解析：题干意为，尽管第五版的《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》没有将网瘾归为“行为成瘾”，但是这种现象仍然需要进一步研究。注意抓住题干中的关键信息lntemet addiction、further studied和behavioraladdiction。文中论及第五版的《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》如何界定网瘾的内容出现在c段。该段最后一句提到，去年，第五版《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》编撰小组决定，网瘾将不会被划入“行为成瘾”范畴——只有赌博行为被划入此列——但是有必要对网瘾进一步展开研究。由此可知，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为C。
52.K
解析：题干意为，一位互联网专家发现大多数学生在意识到自己玩得太过火后，就会恢复自控。注意抓住题干中的关键信息college students和restore self-control。文中论及大学生可以自控上网行为的内容出现在K段，该段第四句提到，在对大学生展开的一项研究中，BobLaRose发现他们中的大多数人一旦感觉自己玩得太过火，就会恢复自控。由此可知，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为K。
53.B
解析：题干意为，根据心理健康专家所说，对于很多人来说，玩电子游戏、浏览色情作品以及通过电子邮件和社会网络收发信息这三种网络行为可能会成为问题。注意抓住题干中的关键信息mental-healthspecialists、video games、pornography and messagin9和problematic。文中论及这一事实的内容出现在B段，该段第二句提到，心理健康专家认为有三种网络行为对很多人来说可能是问题性的(即容易停不下来)：玩电子游戏、浏览色情作品以及通过电子邮件和社交网络收发信息。由此可知，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为B。
54.H
解析：题干意为，在许多人看来，如果在一次商业午餐中，没有人拿出手机查看信息，那这简直是一个小的奇迹。注意抓住题干中的关键信息miracle、a phone和a business lunch。文中论及商业午餐的内容出现在H段。该段第三句提到，如果在一次商业午餐中，没有人拿出手机查看信息，那么在许多人看来这都算是个小小的奇迹。由此可知，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为H。
55.E
解析：题干意为，KimbedyYoung强调人们必须学会应对互联网引发的新问题。注意抓住题干中的关键信息Kimberly Young insists、new problems和the Intemet。文中论及Kimberly Young相关观点的内容出现在E段，该段第三句提到，Youn9强调，互联网环境具有强大的吸引力，人们必须学会应对由其引发的新问题。由此可知，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为E。
A University Degree No Longer Confers Financial Security
A.Millions of school-leavers in the rich world are about to bid a tearful goodbye to their parents and start a new life at university. Some are inspired by a pure love of learning. But most also believe that spending three or four years at university--and accumulating huge debts in the process--will boost their chances of landing a well-paid and secure job.
B.Their elders have always told them that education is the best way to equip themselves to thrive in a globalised world. Blue-collar workers will see their jobs outsourced and automated, the familiar argument goes. School dropouts will have to cope with a life of cash-strapped (资金紧张的) insecurity. But the graduate elite will have the world at its feet. There is some evidence to support this view. A recent study from Georgetown University's Centre on Education and the Workforce argues that"obtaining a post-secondary credential ( 证书) is almost always worth it." Educational qualifications are tightly correlated with earnings: an American with a professional degree can expect to pocket $3.6m over a lifetime; one with merely a high- school diploma can expect only $1.3m. The gap between more- and less-educated earners may be widening. A study in 2002 found that someone with a bachelor's degree could expect to earn 75% more over a lifetime than someone with only a high-school diploma. Today the disparity is even greater.
C.But is the past a reliable guide to the future? Or are we at the beginning of a new phase in the relationship between jobs and education? There are good reasons for thinking that old patterns are about to change--and that the current recession-driven downturn (衰退) in the demand for Western graduates will morph (改变) into something structural. The strong wind of creative destruction that has shaken so many blue-collar workers over the past few decades is beginning to shake the cognitive elite as well.
D.The supply of university graduates is increasing rapidly. The Chronicle of Higher Education calculates that between 1990 and 2007 the number of students going to university increased by 22% in North America, 74% in Europe, 144% in Latin America and 203% in Asia. In 2007 150m people attended university around the world, including 70m in Asia. Emerging economies—specially China--are pouring resources into building universities that can compete with the elite of America and Europe. They are also producing professional- services firms snch as Tata Consulting Services and Infosys that take fresh graduates and turn them into world-class computer programmers and consultants. The best and the brightest of the rich world must increasingly compete with the best and the brightest from poorer countries who are willing to work harder for less money.
E. At the same time, the demand for educated labor is being reconfigured (重新配置) by technology, in much the same way that the demand for agricultural labor was reconfigured in the 19th century and that for factory labor in the 20th. Computers can not only perform repetitive mental tasks much faster than human beings. They can also empower amateurs to do what professionals once did: why hire a flesh-and-blood accountant to complete your tax return when Turbotax (a software package ) will do the job at a fraction of the cost? And the variety of jobs that computers can do is multiplying as programmers teach them to deal with tone and linguistic ambiguity.
F.Several economists, including Paul Krugman, have begun to argue that post-industrial societies will be characterized not by a relentless rise in demand for the educated but by a great "hollowing out", as mid-level jobs are destroyed by smart machines and high-level job growth slows. David Autor, of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), points out that the main effect of automation in the computer era is not that it destroys blue-collar jobs but that it destroys any job that can be reduced to a routine. Alan Blinder of Princeton University, argues that the jobs graduates have traditionally performed are if anything more "offshorable" than low-wage ones. A plumber or lorry-driver's job cannot be outsourced to India. A computer programmer's can.
G. A university education is still a prerequisite for entering some of the great industries, such as medicine, law and academia (学术界), that provide secure and well-paying jobs. Over the 20th century these industries did a wonderful job of raising barriers to entry--sometimes for good reasons (nobody wants to be operated on by a barber) and sometimes for self-interested ones. But these industries are beginning to bend the roles. Newspapers are fighting a losing battle with the blogosphere. Universities are replacing tenure-track professors with non-tenured staff. Law firms are contracting out routine work such as"discovery" (digging up documents relevant to a lawsuit) to computerized-search specialists such as Blackstone Discovery. Even doctors are threatened, as patients find advice online and treatment in Walmart's new health centers.
H.Thomas Malone of MIT argues that these changes--automation, globalizafion and deregulation--may be part of a bigger change: the application of the division of labor to brain-work. Adam Smith's factory managers broke the production of pins into 18 components. In the same way, companies are increasingly breaking the production of brain-work into ever tinier slices. TopCoder chops up IT projects into bite-sized chunks and then serves them up to a worldwide workforce of freelance coders.
I.These changes will undoubtedly improve the productivity of brain-workers. They will allow consumers to sidestep (规避 ) the professional industries that have extracted high rents for their services. And they will empower many brain-workers to focus on what they are best at and contract out more tedious tasks to others. But the reconfiguration of brain-work will also make life far less cozy and predictable for the next generation of graduates.
46. The creative destruction that has happened to blue-collar workers in the past also starts to affect the cognitive elite.
47. For the next generation of graduates, life will be far less comfortable and predictable with brain-work reconfigured.
48. After computers are taught by programmers to deal with tone and linguistic ambiguity, the variety of jobs they can do will increase dramatically.
49. Most school-leavers believe that, despite the huge debts they owe, going to university will increase their chances of getting secure jobs with high salaries.
50. Modern companies are more likely to break the production of intellectual work into ever tinier slices.
51. A scholar of Princeton University claims that the jobs traditionally taken by graduates are more likely to be offshored than low-wage ones.
52. The income gap between an American professional degree holder and an American high-school graduate shows income is closely related to educational qualifications.
53. The changes in the division of brain-work will save consumers some high service fees the professional organizations charge.
54. Some students have always been told that. to achieve success in a globalised world, it is most advisable to equip themselves with education.
55. Emerging economies are providing a lot of resources to build universities to compete with the elite of America and Europe.
Section C
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A ),B., C.and D ). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
【参考译文】
大学文凭不再提供铁饭碗
A.发达国家的数百万高中毕业生将要含泪告别他们的父母，开始全新的大学生活。一些人上大学纯粹是出于对学习的热爱。[49]但大多数毕业生都这样认为：在大学里待三四年，尽管在这期间会欠下很多债务，却可以大大增加他们获得高薪、稳定工作的几率。
B.[54]他们的长辈们常常告诫他们，在这个全球化的世界中，要想使自己有所发展，最好的办法就是努力学习。人们常说，蓝领工人会发现他们的工作被外包和自动化，中途辍学者会过着经济上无保障的生活，而优秀毕业生则前程似锦。有一些证据支持这种看法。乔治城大学教育和劳动力中心最近的一项研究表明，“获得高等教育的文凭总是物有所值”。[52]学历与收入多少息息相关：一位拥有专业学位的美国人有望在一生中转到360万美元，而若是仅有高中文凭则只能赚到130万。文化程度高与文化程度低的人之间的收入差距可能还在扩大。2002年的一项研究发现，有本科学历的人在一生中会比只有高中学历的人收入高出75%，而如今二者之间的差距变得更大。
C.但是，过去如此，将来也必然如此吗?还是就业与教育之间的关系即将展开全新的一页?我们有充分的理由相信，旧模式即将发生改变——目前的经济衰退使得西方国家对毕业生的需求量有所减小，这会成为一种结构性的变化。[46]在过去几十年里曾经导致很多蓝领工人失去饭碗的创造性毁灭的风暴。现在也开始撼动文化精英了。
D.大学毕业生的人数在迅速增加。根据《高等教育编年史》，在1990年到2007年之间，北美的大学生人数增长了22%，欧洲增长了74%，拉美增长了144%，而亚洲则增长了203%。2007年，全球有1.5亿大学新生，其中7000万来自亚洲。[55]新兴经济体，尤其是中国，倾注了众多资源来建设能与美国和欧洲的顶级学府一争高下的大学。这些国家还成立诸如塔塔咨询和印孚瑟斯等专业服务公司来吸纳应届毕业生，并将他们培养成为世界级的电脑程序员和咨询师。发达国家的顶尖人才必须更加努力地与愿意多劳少得的发展中国家的顶尖人才竞争。
E.与此同时，与19世纪对农业劳动力的需求和20世纪对工业劳动力的需求发生的变革一样，当前由于技术进步，对受过教育的劳动力的需求也正在被重新配置。电脑不仅能以比人类更快的速度完成重复性的思维任务，而且还能够让外行去做专业人士的工作：如果Turbotax(一种软件程序包)能以很低的成本完成纳税申报的话.那何必还要雇佣一名真正的会计来完成这项工作呢?[48]当程序员使电脑能够处理音调和语言歧义的问题后，电脑能够完成的工作类别将会激增。
F.包括PaulKrugman在内的一些经济学家认为，随着中等水平的工作被智能机器取而代之，而高水平的工作增长放缓，后工业化社会对受教育者的需求并不会持续增加，而将会被挖空。麻省理工大学的DavidAutor指出，电脑时代的自动化的主要影响并不是它毁了蓝领工作，而是毁了所有能转化为执行程序的工作。[51]普林斯顿大学的AlanBlinder认为，比起低收入的工作来说，那些传统意义上由毕业生所从事的工作更可能“被外包”。水管工和货车司机的工作不可能外包到印度去做，而电脑程序员的工作却可以。
G.在诸如医药、法律和学术这类稳定、高薪的高级行业中，大学学历仍然是至关重要的敲门砖。20世纪以来，这些行业卓有成效地提高了入行门槛，有的是有充分理由的(如：没有人想要理发师来为他们做手术)，有的则出于自身利益的考虑。然而这些行业也已经开始有所变通。报纸业正在与博客进行一场胜算渺茫的搏斗，大学正在用一些非终身制的员工代替终身教授，律师事务所将诸如“搜查资料”(即搜寻诉讼相关的文件资料)的日常工作包给了类似BlackstoneDiscovery这样的电脑搜索专家。医生甚至也受到了威胁，因为患者可以在沃尔玛的新健康中心进行在线咨询和治疗。
H.麻省理工大学的ThomasMalone表示，自动化、全球化和自由化这些变化也许只是更大变革——将劳动分工引入到脑力工作中——的冰山一角。Adam Smith的工厂管理者将大头针的生产线分成了十八道工序。[50]同样：如今的企业将脑力工作划分得超乎以往地细致。TopCoder公司将IT项目分割成块，然后把这些工作分摊给全球的自由程序员。
I.毫无疑问，这些变化将会提高脑力劳动者的生产率，[53]也可以使消费者能够规避专业性行业收取的一些额的服务费用。而且这将使得许多脑力工作者能够将精力集中在他们最擅长的领域，而将更多枯燥乏味的工作外包给他人。[47]但是，这种脑力工作的重新整合将使下一代毕业生的生活更加艰辛.也更加变幻莫测。
【答案解析】
46.C
解析：题干意为，过去发生在蓝领工人身上的创造性毁灭，现在也开始对文化精英造成影响了。根据题干中的关键信息creative destruction、blue—collar和cognitive elite，便可以很快锁定文中C段。C段最后一句提到，在过去几十年里曾经导致很多蓝领工人失去饭碗的创造性毁灭的风暴，现在也开始撼动文化精英了。由此可知，题干是原文的同义转述，故答案为C。
47.I
解析：题干意为，对下一代毕业生来说，由于脑力工作重新整合，他们的生活将会更加艰辛和变幻莫测。注意抓住题干中的关键信息for tlle next generation of graduates和predicmble。文中I段最后一句提到，但是，这种脑力工作的重新整合将使下一代毕业生的生活更加艰辛，也更加变幻莫测。由此可见，题干是对原文的同义转述。故答案为I。
48.E
解析：题干意为，当程序员教会了电脑处理音调和语言歧义问题后，电脑能够完成的工作种类将显著增多。注意抓住题干中的关键信息toneandlinguistic ambiguity和mevariety ofjobs。文中E段最后一句提到，当程序员使电脑能够处理音调和语言歧义的问题后，电脑能够完成的工作类别将会激增。由此可见，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为E。
49.A
解析：题干意为，多数毕业生认为，尽管会欠下很多债务，但是上大学会使他们更有可能获得一份薪水较高的稳定工作。注意抓住题干中的关键信息sch001.1eavers、huge debts和chances。文中A段末句提到，大多数毕业生都这样认为：在大学里待三四年可以大大增加他们获得高薪、稳定工作的几率，尽管在这个过程中会欠下很多债务。由此可见，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为A。
50.H
解析：题干意为，企业越来越倾向于将脑力工作划分得超乎以往地细致。注意抓住题干中的关键信息companies和evertinier slices。文中论及脑力工作分工的内容出现在H段，该段第三句提到，同样，如今的企业将脑力工作划分得超乎以往地细致。由此可见，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为H。
51.F
解析：题干意为，普林斯顿大学的一位学者认为，那些传统上由毕业生所从事的工作比低薪工作更可能被外包出去。注意抓住题干中的关键信息PrincetonUniversity、traditionally和low.wageones。F段倒数第三句提到，普林斯顿大学的AlanBlinder认为，比起低收入的工作来说，毕业生所从事的传统工作更可能“被外包”。由此可见，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为F。
52.B.
解析：题干意为，一位拥有专业学位的美国人和仅有高中文凭的美国人之间的收入差距表明，收入与学历息息相关。注意抓住题干中的关键信息gap、professional degree、high—school和educational qualifications。文中论及收入差距的内容出现在B段，该段第七句提到，学历与收入多少息息相关：一位拥有专业学位的美国人有望在一生中赚到360万美元，而若是仅有高中文凭则只能赚到130万。由此可见，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为B。
53.I
解析：题干意为，脑力工作的细分使消费者能够规避那些专业机构收取的高额服务费。注意抓住题干中的关键信息consumers和professional。文中I段第二句提到，这些变化使消费者能够规避专业性行业收取的一些高额的服务费用。根据上下文，可知“它们”指的是“脑力工作的细化”。由此可见，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为I。
54.B
解析：题干意为，学生们常常被告知，要想在这个全球化的世界中取得成功，最好的办法就是努力学习。注意抓住题干中的关键信息a globalised world、equip themselves和education。文中B段第一句提到，长辈们常常告诫他们，在这个全球化的世界中，要想使自己有所发展，最好的办法就是努力学习。由此可见。题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为B。
55.D
解析：题干意为，新兴经济体正在为建设大学提供大量的资源，以便能与美国和欧洲的顶级学府一争高下。注意抓住题干中的关键信息emerging economies、resources和me elite of America and Europe。文中D段第四句提到，新兴经济体，尤其是中国，倾注了众多资源来建设能与美国和欧洲的顶级学府一争高下的大学。由此可见，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为D。