大学英语六级翻译强化练习题及译文
The Thirty-Six Stratagems is an ancient bookconcerning the art of war. The thirty-six stratagemsare arranged in terms of their names and can fall intosix categories.The stratagems’names in the bookhave different origins.Some are from historicalstories, such as “besieging Wei to save Zhao”;some are from ancient military terms,such as“making a feint to the east but attacking in the west”;and some are from idioms, such as“pointing at the mulberry but scolding the locust tree”. Each stratagem name is followed by anexplanation and notes. The notes are mostly sharp statements quoted from war examplesbefore the Song Dynasty as well as from famous ancient strategists. After the composition ofthe Thirty-Six Stratagems, it has been widely read in the general public and the phrase “of allthirty-six stratagems, fleeing is the best” is also frequently used.
儒家学派(Confucianism)认为婚姻对家庭和社会都有重大意义。对于家庭，婚姻能将不同姓氏的家庭聚在一起，延续相关家族的家庭生活。对于社会，夫妻是人口的基本单位，婚姻有时能影响到国家的政治稳定和国际关系。从儒家思想来看， 婚姻的目的之一是培养美德。一夫一妻制(monogamy)的观念根深蒂固，中国人明白婚姻应该建立在爱情的基础上。出于孝(filial piety)与礼(propriety)的观念，婚姻成了昂贵的仪式，被认为仅次于葬礼。聘媒人(matchmaker)可以确保丈夫和妻子彼此般配，但主要是为了家庭的最大利益。
To the Confucians, marriage is of great importanceto both family and the society. As for family,marriage can bring families of different surnamestogether, and continue the family life of theconcerned clans. Socially, a married couple is thebasic unit of the population;sometimes marriages can even affect the country's politicalstability and international relations. From the perspective of Confucianism, one purpose ofmarriage is to cultivate virtue.The Chinese have seen that marriage should be founded on lovesince the concept of monogamy is deeply rooted in their mindset. Due to the concept of filialpiety and propriety, marriage has become a costly affair and been seen as second only tofuneral ceremonies. The employ of a matchmaker can ensure that the husband and wife arecompatible with each other,but primarily work in the families'best interests.
算盘(abacus)是中国传统的计算工具，也是中国古代的一项重大发明。阿拉伯数字出现以前，算盘在世界各地广泛使用。算盘是矩形的木框，木框上固定着带算珠的木杆。木框中间的横梁(beam)将木杆分成两部分：木杆上方的两颗算珠 (counting beads)每个代表5,下方的五颗算珠每个代表1。随着算盘的应用，人们总结出很多计算技巧，提高了计算速度。由于算盘易于制造，而且计算口诀易于记忆和操作，因此算盘在中国十分流行。
As a traditional Chinese calculation tool and animportant ancient Chinese invention,the abacuswas widely used before the invention of Arabicnumerals in the world. The abacus is a rectanglewith a wooden frame. Within the frame,rods withstringed beads are fixed. The beam in the middle of the frame divides each rod into two parts.The two counting beads in the upper part of each rod represent five and the rest five beads inthe lower part represent one. With the application of the abacus, people summarized manycalculation tips to help improve the speed of calculation. As the abacus is simple toproduce, and its calculation tips are easy to memorize and operate, it is quite popular inChina.