英语六级阅读理解练习附详解:社会文化
[1]/[2]就在几十年前，对于普通大众和社会学家而言，现代社会“明显地”改变了人们的自然关系，使他们的亲情、邻里观念变得淡薄，取而代之的是彼此之间萍水相逢的表面关系。然而，最近几年，越来越多的研究表明，那些“明显”的事情并不是真实。真实似乎是，如果你居住在城市里，那么你认识的邻居就必定会比你住在小社区里认识的少。但是，这个事实在多数情形下没有什么意义。如果你认识的邻居少，也不一定就意味着你不认识别的人。
即使在是都市，人们仍保持在小范围的、私人的社交圈子里密切往来。事实上，在城市化多些或少些的居民之间，有意义的人际关系的数目和质量都没有什么区别。小镇居民比大城市居民更愿意同亲戚走动。但是城里人通过结交志趣相投的朋友弥补了这个缺憾。城市化可能会产生不同的生活方式，但是城镇之间的生活质量并无差别。大城市居民也不见得就比小社区居民更容易呈现出紧张或陌生感，即没有归属感等心理症状。但是，城市居民确实对犯罪行为更为担心，这使他们不信任陌生人。
这些发现并不是说城市化没有造成影响或造成的影响很小。[3]如果邻里之间互不相识，他们就不大会清扫隔壁老夫妇门前的过道，也不会帮忙照看一下小捣蛋。此外，正像沃斯说的那样，社区的人口规模同其成员的社交多样性大有关系。比如，社会学家发现，有很多证据表明社区的大小同赌博、吸毒等恶习的多寡有关。相对于小镇居民，[4]大城市的居民比小城镇的居民见多识广，对传统的亲情角色承担更小的责任，更有可能投票选举左翼政党候选人，对非传统的宗教团体、不得人心的政团组织或所谓的讨人嫌者更能容忍。通盘考虑，多样性和不同寻常的举止是巨大的人口规模造成的。
1. Which of the following statements bestdescribes the organization of the firstparagraph?
A) Two contrasting views are presented.
B) An argument is examined and possible solutionsgiven.
C) Research results concerning the quality of urban life are presented in order of time.
D) A detailed description of the difference between urban arid small-town life is given.
2. According co the passage, it was once a common belief chai urbanresidents____________.
A) did not have the same interests as their neighbors
B) could not develop long-standing relationships
C) tended to be associated with bad behavior
D) usually had more friends
3. One of the consequences of urban life is that impersonal relationships amongneighbors______.
A) disrupt people's natural relations
B) make them worry about crime
C) cause them not to show concern for one another
D) cause them !o be suspicious of each other
4. I can be inferred from the passage that che bigger a community is_____________.
A) the better its quality of life
B) the more similar its interests
C) the more tolerant it is
D) the likelier it is to display psychological symptoms of stress
5. What is che passage mainly about?
A) Similarities in the interpersonal relationships between urbanites and small town dwellers.
B) Advantages of living in big cities as compared with living in small towns.
C) The positive role that urbanism plays in modern life.
D) The strong feeling of' alienation of city inhabitants.