英语六级短句问答练习：环境卫生

　　The recent closures were triggered in the summer of 2002, when a suspicious outbreak of intestinal problems affected a large number of swimmers who were camped at Peninsula State Park, in Door County. Samples were taken.and high coliform bacteria counts were noted.

　　Health departments were urged (or shamed) into taking samples at more Wisconsin beaches and found problems at dozens of sites. This set off a wave of publicity. At the same time, the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources announced the launch of a new monitoring program for the 170 public beaches which line Wisconsin's coasts on Lake Michigan and Lake Superior, funded by a federal grant. Howerver, as DNR pointed out, the monitoring plan had been under development since 2001 to meet federal requirements for states to improve monitoring and public notification at their coastal beaches.

　　"Unfortunately, the federal law and the available federal funding don't get at identifying and reducing sources or contamination." said Toni Glymph, the DNR toxicologist leading the Beach Workgroup of state and local health and environmental officials. "We realize those are criticai needs, but this testing and notification plan is a start. People need to be aware of risks and make informed choices."

　　Because funding was short ,the DNR categorized beaches as high, medium, or low priority, to determine how frequently each beach will be monitoree. High priority beaches, for instance, may be monitored five times a week, compared to once a week for low priority beaches. Coastal communities aren't required to adopt the monitoring and notification guidelines in the plan,but the DNR expected more than $200,000 from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to assist communities wanting to implement the plan in summer 2003.

　　Currently, DNR staff are responsible for monitoring beaches at state properties, and tribal and local health departments are responsible for other public beaches within their borders. Because testing is not mandatory and local communities are not required to follow state guidelines for monitoring beaches,Wisconsin suffers from a serious inconsistency in how frequently beaches are sampled, how people are notified or possible unsafe swimming conditions,and in reporting of beach closures.

　　测试题

　　1.Where was the first swimming site that was closed?

　　2.By saying "We realize those are critical needs", Toni Glymph means that we need to_________________.

　　3.Coastal communities that adopt the monitoring and notification plan will be funded by____________________.

　　3.Who will be monitoring the state-owned beaches?

　　4.According to the author, the monitoring system at the state level and that at the local level are___________________.

　　答案详解

　　1.[At Peninsula State Park,in Door County.]

　　[定位]第2段首句。

　　解析：原文该段的triggered一词表明2002年Door县半岛州立公园爆发的细菌事件导致最近很多游泳场被关闭，可见最早被关闭的游泳场应为“Door县半岛州立公园”里的游泳场。

　　2.[identify and reduce sources of contamination]

　　[定位]根据“We realize those are critical needs"和Toni Glymph定位到第4段。

　　解析：本题实际上考查those的所指。根据原文可以知道，those指第4段首句的identifying and reducing...，只要根据题目的要求将两个动名词改为不定式，即为本题答案。

　　3.[the U.S. EPA]

　　[定位]根据Coastal communities和monitoring and notification定位到第5段末句。

　　解析：原文该句的数字$200,000及assist一词表明EPA将资助实施监测、告知计划的社区，因此本题答案为the U.S. EPA。

　　4.[DNR.]

　　[定位]末段首句。

　　解析：原文该句中的beaches at state properties与题目中的state-owned beaches同义，由此可见，本题答案为DNR。

　　5.[inconsistent]

　　[定位]末段末句。

　　解析：原文该句表明州政府虽然有统一的准则，但并不强制各社区遵守，从而造成了各社区在处理海滩问题上没有统一的准则，对于这一现象，作者用inconsistency加以概括，而空白处需要形容词作表语，由此可见，作者认为州一级和社区一级对同一个问题“准则不同”，即inconsistent。

　　参考译文

　　因为加强了以细菌的监控，过去两个夏季，威斯康星州许多颇受公众欢迎的公共海滨游泳场被关闭了。

　　[1]最近一次关闭海滨游泳场是在2002年夏天，当时在Door县半岛州立公园露营的很多游泳者间突然爆发了可疑的肠道疾病。通过采集样本发现了大量大肠杆菌。

　　卫生部门被强烈要求(或者说是羞愧地被迫)在威斯康星更多的海滨采集样本，结果在几十个地方发现了问题。这引起了公众的极大关注。与此同时，威斯康星的自然资源部宣布用联邦政府拨款对威斯康星海滨靠近密歇根瑚和苏必利尔湖的170个海滨浴场采取新的监控措施。然而，正如自然资源部指出的，该监控计划于2001年就开始制订，当时联邦政府要求各州对其沿海海滩加强监控，完善公告制度。

　　“[2]不幸的是，联邦法律和现有的联邦款项并未能让人们识别并减少污染源，”由威斯康星州和地方的卫生部门和环境部门的官员组建的工作组主任、自然资源部的毒理学家托尼·格里姆福说，[2]“我们意识到它们都是至关重要的、必需的措施，但是，这个检测、公示计划是个开始。必须要让人们意识到危险，并根据有关信息做出相应的选择。”

　　因为资金有限，所以自然资源部把各海滩按照优先级别分为高、中、低三类以确定每个海滩的检测频率。例如，高优先级别的海滩可能每周检测5次，而低级别的海滩可能每周只检测1次。[3]各海滨社区并没有被要求采取计划所列出的监测、告示措施，但是自然资源部希望到2003年夏天，美国环境保护局将会拿出20多万美元帮助想要实行该计划的海滨社区。

　　[4]目前，自然资源部的工作人员负责监控州属海滩，而各种族或地方卫生部门则负责它们各自地界内的其他公共海滩。[5]这种检测不是强制性，而且地方社区并没有被要求按照州的指导方针监控海滩，所以在威斯康星州，各海滩究竟应该按什么频率采集样本，应该怎样把游泳场所可能存在的不安全状况告示群众，以及如何公布海滩关闭等等问题都存在严重不协调的情况。