六级阅读基础知识及题型解析

　　① 六级文章长度： 每篇约350—420个单词

　　② 六级考试要求： 35分钟内读完1400个单词

　　③ 六级阅读速度要求： 70个单词 / 分钟

　　※ 六级阅读官方基本要求：

　　⒈掌握材料的主旨和大意

　　⒉了解说明主旨和大意的事实和细节

　　⒊既能理解字面意思，也能根据所读材料进行一定的判断和推论

　　⒋既理解个别句子的含义，也能理解上下文的逻辑关系

　　2、阅读的技巧：

　　① 学会“跳读”：

　　△ 一篇文章读懂70%内容就已足够

　　a、必须要阅读的内容：作者的观点

　　b、判断是否为“观点”的标准：Ⅰ、语句的位置是否靠前 Ⅱ、用语是否抽象概括

　　c、不必须要阅读的内容：支持观点的例证和细节

　　d、需要跳过的内容：Ⅰ、()内的和——内的内容 Ⅱ、人名后的修饰

　　② “泛读”练习：

　　a、泛读材料的标准：Ⅰ、原版的稍简单的英文材料 Ⅱ、国内杂志的英文材料

　　b、三步阅读法：Ⅰ、浏览文章，抓住大意 Ⅱ、猜测单词含义 Ⅲ、精读文章，读懂文章

　　③ 学会“猜词”：

　　a、单词的猜测范围：Ⅰ、词性 Ⅱ、感情色彩 Ⅲ、所处语境 Ⅳ、所搭配的介词

　　eg：In most cases, offensive (侵犯性的)breath (口臭)emanates from bacteria (细菌)in the mouth, although there are other, more surprising causes.

　　问题：The phrase “emanates from ” in Paragraph 1 most probably means “ ”.

　　A、thrive on B、account for C、originate from (引发) D、descend from

　　3、阅读的方式：

　　① “主动”阅读：

　　eg：Analysts (分析家)cite (引用)a variety of reasons for this return to the nest.

　　The marriage age is rising … A high divorce rate …

　　The expense of an away-from-home college education …skyrocketing housing costs.

　　问题：Which of the following does not account for young adults regurning to the nest?

　　A、Young adults find housing costs too high.

　　B、Quite a number of young adults attend local schools.

　　C、Young adults seek parental comfort and moral support.

　　D、Young adults are psychologically and intellectually immature.

　　※ 通过主题句来预测文章或段落大意

　　② “扫读”： scanning

　　eg：问题：

　　⒈During the years from 1957 to 1976 , the birth rate of the United States .

　　⒉What influences the birth rate most in the United States is .

　　⒊The sentence “From costing nothing, children suddenly come to seem impossibly expensive.” (Line 4, Para. 2) implies that .

　　⒋A chief factor in bringing down the births in Europe in the 19th century is .

　　⒌The population in the 21st century, according to the writer, .

　　③ “跳读”： skimming

　　eg：原文：

　　第一段：Automation refers to (指的是)…

　　第二段：Labor’s (劳工)concern (忧虑、关心)over automation arises from uncertainty about effects it brings to employment …

　　第三段：To protect the interests of their members in the era of automation, unions (工会)have adopted a number of new policies.

　　问题：Which of the following can best sum up the passage?

　　B、Labor and the effects of automation.

　　④ “精读”： intensive reading

　　“逐句精读”和“选句精读”

　　4、四步阅读法：

　　※ 如果某选项与原文句子非常相似，该选项很可能是出题人使用同义替换的方法安排的干扰选项

　　① 扫描题干，划出关键词：——能定位回原文的词

　　a、关键词的类型：Ⅰ、标志类 Ⅱ、引用类 Ⅲ、特有类(本题干具有且其他题干不具有)

　　b、关键词的特性：Ⅰ、稀有性 Ⅱ、不唯一性(数目不唯一;词性不唯一) Ⅲ、相对性

　　② 浏览文章，划出记号：

　　a、应做记号标记处：Ⅰ、主题句 Ⅱ、关键词 Ⅲ、集中考点处(关联词、比较级…)

　　b、经常考到的关联词处：转折词、因果词、并列词…

　　③ 根据关键词回原文定位：

　　④ 同义替换，对应答案：

　　二、题型解析：

　　1、猜词题：

　　① 猜测的线索：

　　a、代入检验：

　　eg：原文：…，when the state makes its most powerful demands upon its people for their commitment(托付), allegiance(忠诚), and supreme sacrifice(最高的牺牲行为).

　　问题：The word “allegiance ”most probably means .

　　A、loyalty B、objective C、survival D、motive

　　b、词汇关系：

　　原文：But sharing the family home requires adjustments for all. There are the hassles (争辩)over bathrooms, telephones and privacy.

　　问题：The word “hassles ” most probably means .

　　A、quarrel B、worries C、disadvantages D、agreements

　　c、句子关系：

　　原文：Beauty has always been regarded as something praiseworthy. Almost everyone thinks attractive people are happier and healthier, have better marriage and have more respectable occupations. Personal consultants give them better advice for finding jobs. Even judges are softer on attractive defendants. But in executive circle, beauty can become a liability(劣势;责任;债务).

　　问题：The word “liability ” most probably means .

　　A、misfortune (不幸)B、instability(不稳定) C、disadvantage D、burden (负担)

　　2、细节题：

　　① 细节题的理念：

　　a、定位：

　　Ⅰ、关键词的定位——通过关键词找到原文出处

　　eg：原文：A few common misconceptions(误解). Beauty is only skin-deep. One’s physical assets (资产)and liabilities don’t count all that much in a managerial career. …

　　问题：According to the passage, people often wrongly believe that in pursuing a career as a manager .

　　A、a person’s property or debts do not matter much

　　B、a person’s outward appearance is not a critical (批判的;关键的)qualification

　　C、women should always dress fashionably

　　D、women should not only be attractive but also high-minded

　　Ⅱ、顺序定位——依照问题顺序找到原文出处

　　eg：问题：36、During the years from 1957 to 1976 , the birth rate of the United States .

　　37、What influences the birth rate most in the United States is .

　　38、The sentence “From costing nothing, children suddenly come to seem impossibly expensive.” (Line 4, Para. 2) implies that .

　　Ⅲ、特殊词定位

　　eg：问题：The author ends the passage with the implication that .

　　b、☆ 同义替换：

　　c、干扰项：Ⅰ、偷梁换柱 (十同一不同) Ⅱ、他出细节 (定位发生偏差)

　　3、推理题：

　　△ 推理题本质都是细节题

　　① 推理题的特征单词： infer / learn / know / which of the following …

　　② 推理题的类型：

　　a、小推理题：

　　△ 小推理题有关键词且关键词出现在文中的支持句中(解释和支持主题的句子)

　　eg：原文：…Hardly anyone he meets tells him the truth. And this separation the detective feels between himself and the rest of the world is deepened by the simple-mindedness …

　　问题：Why does the policeman feel separated from the rest of the world?

　　A、because they do not receive due support from the society.

　　B、because they find people insincere (不诚实的)to them.

　　b、中推理题 ：

　　△ 中推理题关键词落脚于本段主题句中

　　eg：原文：The first difference is that a policeman’s real life revolves round criminal law. He has to know exactly (精确地)what actions are crimes and what evidence can be used to prove them in court.

　　He has to know nearly as much law as a professional lawyer, and what is more, he has to apply it on his feet, in the dark and rain, running down a street after someone he wants to talk to.

　　问题：A policeman has to be trained in criminal law (刑法)because .

　　A、he must work hard to help reform criminals

　　B、he must behave as professional lawyers do

　　C、he must be able to tell when and where a crime is committed

　　D、he must justify (证明)the arrests he makes of criminals

　　c、大推理题：

　　△ 没有关键词，以全文为定位范围，即全文任意一句话都可以作为正确答案的出处，唯一的方法就是把每个选项进行定位并且加以验证!(注意每段主题句与关联词引导的句子)

　　4、态度题：

　　① 态度题的特征单词： attitude

　　② 态度题分类：

　　a、大态度题——题干里有主题且没有具体定位点

　　eg：原文首段：…But today opponents have so complicated its development that no nuclear plants have been order or built here in 12 years.

　　原文末句：Today, a perfectly good facility, capable of servicing hundreds of thousands of families, sits rusting.

　　问题：The author’s attitude towards the development of nuclear power is .

　　A、negative B、neutral C、positive D、questioning

　　※ 主题态度主末句原则(从主题句和末尾句找寻答案)

　　b、小态度题——有具体定位点或题干里没有谈到文章主题

　　③ 态度题考查点：

　　△ 对某些单词的感情色彩的认识

　　eg：He is determined(坚决的). / stubborn (倔强的、顽固的)./ pig-headed (冥顽不灵的).

　　④ 态度题答题方向：

　　支持：positive / supportive / approve

　　反对：negative / opposing

　　中立：neutral

　　5、主旨题：

　　① 主旨题解题线索：

　　a、重合焦点：

　　eg：原文首段：there are desert plants which survive the dry season in the form of inactive seeds. There are also desert insects that survive as inactive larvae. In addition, difficult as it is to believe, there are desert fish which can survive through years of drought in the form of inactive eggs.

　　原文三段：… Then, having ensured that their species will survive, the shrimps die …

　　原文末句：… the species multiplies considerably, which further ensures its survival.

　　问题：The passage mainly deals with .

　　A、the life span of the Mojave shrimps

　　B、the survival of the desert shrimps

　　C、the importance of water to life

　　D、life in the Mojave Desert

　　b、感情色彩：

　　c、主题句原则：

　　② 主题句类型：

　　a、开门见山型——主题句位于文章开头

　　b、柳暗花明型——主题句位于第一段末尾或第二段开头

　　eg：原文首段：Bill Gates, the billionaire Microsoft chairman without a single earned university degree, is by his success raising new doubts about the worth of the business world’s favorite academic title: the MBA.

　　问题：What is the passage mainly about?

　　A、a debate held recently on university campuses

　　B、doubts about the worth of holding an MBA degree