非谓语动词之动词不定式
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不定式是一种非谓语动词,由"to+动词原形"构成(使用时有时不带to),在句子中不能单独作谓语。它具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,同时又保持了动词的某些特征,在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和补足语。不定式的否定结构由不定式符号to前加not构成,即"not to+动词原形"。考试中的难点在于时态(一般式to +v、进行式to be +v-ing、完成式to have +v-ed、完成进行式to have been +v-ing)、语态(主动和被动to be +v-ed / to have been +v-ed)和带或不带to的问题。
1.接不定式作宾语的动词和动词短语
1)下列动词直接跟带to的不定式作宾语:afford, agree, appear, arrange, ask, attempt, bear, beg, begin, care, choose, claim, consent, dare, decide, demand, desire, determine, expect, fail, fear, forget, happen, hate, help, hesitate, hope, incline, intend, learn, like, love, manage, mean, neglect, offer, plan, prefer, prepare, pretend, promise, propose, refuse, regret, remember, seem, start, swear, trouble, try, undertake, want, wish等。例如:
he has planned to study french next year.他打算明年学法语。
2)下列动词可以接"疑问代词who, whom, what, which,疑问副词when, where, why, whether, how +to不定式"作宾语:ask, consider, decide, discover, explain, find out, forget, guess, imagine, know, learn, observe, remember, show, tell, think, understand, wonder等。例如:
she can’t decide what to do.她决定不了该做什么。
该结构"疑问代词/副词+to不定式"还可以作主语、表语、宾语、介词宾语、定语等。如:
what worries me most is what to say at the meeting.使我着急的是不知道在会上说些什么。
3)believe, consider, feel, find, judge, make, think等动词后的宾语如果是不定式,补语是形容词或名词时,常用it作先行宾语,把不定式后置。例如:
i found it impossible to answer all the questions within the time given.我发现在限定时间内回答所有的问题是不可能的。
1.接不定式作宾语的动词和动词短语
1)下列动词直接跟带to的不定式作宾语:afford, agree, appear, arrange, ask, attempt, bear, beg, begin, care, choose, claim, consent, dare, decide, demand, desire, determine, expect, fail, fear, forget, happen, hate, help, hesitate, hope, incline, intend, learn, like, love, manage, mean, neglect, offer, plan, prefer, prepare, pretend, promise, propose, refuse, regret, remember, seem, start, swear, trouble, try, undertake, want, wish等。例如:
he has planned to study french next year.他打算明年学法语。
2)下列动词可以接"疑问代词who, whom, what, which,疑问副词when, where, why, whether, how +to不定式"作宾语:ask, consider, decide, discover, explain, find out, forget, guess, imagine, know, learn, observe, remember, show, tell, think, understand, wonder等。例如:
she can’t decide what to do.她决定不了该做什么。
该结构"疑问代词/副词+to不定式"还可以作主语、表语、宾语、介词宾语、定语等。如:
what worries me most is what to say at the meeting.使我着急的是不知道在会上说些什么。
3)believe, consider, feel, find, judge, make, think等动词后的宾语如果是不定式,补语是形容词或名词时,常用it作先行宾语,把不定式后置。例如:
i found it impossible to answer all the questions within the time given.我发现在限定时间内回答所有的问题是不可能的。