高考英语语法重点归纳
一.非谓语动词
一)不定式的常考形式:
1) 一般形式:He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others.
被动形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do.
语法功能: 表示与谓语动词同步发生
2) 完成形式:He pretended not to have seen me.
被动形式:The book is said to have been translated into many languages.
语法功能:表示发生在谓语动词之前
二)不定式常考的考点:
1)不定式做定语----将要发生
2)不定式做状语----目的
3)不定式充当名词功能---To see is to believe.
三)不定式的省略
1)感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel
+ do 表示动作的完整性,真实性;
+ doing 表示动作的连续性,进行性
I saw him work in the garden yesterday.
昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调"我看见了"这个事实)
I saw him working in the garden yesterday.
昨天我见他正在花园里干活。(强调"我见他正干活"这个动作)
" 感官动词后面接形容词而不是副词:The cake tastes good; It feels comfortable.
2) 使役动词 have bid make let 等词后不定式要省略但同1)一样被动以后要还原to
I 'd like to have John do it.
I have my package weighed.
Paul doesn't have to be made to learn.
3) help help sb do help sb to do help do help to do
四)有些动词后只跟不定式如:
want,wish,hope,manage,promise,refuse,pretend,plan, offer,decide,agree,expect allow sb to do, cause sb to do , permit sb to do, enable sb to do
force sb to do. be more likely to do love to do warn sb to do be able to do
be ambitious to do. begin to do . start to do
We agreed _______ here,but so far she hasn't turned up yet.(NMET
1995)
A.having met B.meeting C.to meet D.to have met (Key:C)
五) 有的时候to后面要接-ing形式
accustom (oneself) to; be accustomed to; face up to; in addition to; look forward to; object to; be reduced to; resign oneself to; be resigned to; resort to; sink to; be used to; be alternative to; be close/closeness to; be dedication/dedicated to; be opposition/opposed to; be similarity/similar to.
二. 动名词: 具有动作性特征的名词
1)是名词 seeing is believing
2)具有动词性特征可以带宾语 starving troops is necessary.
一)动名词的形式:
一般形式:I don't like you smoking.
完成形式:I regret not having taken your advice.
被动形式:This question is far from being settled.
二) 动名词常考的点
1)动名词做主语谓语动词为单数
2)在动名词和不定式中,做为介词的宾语是动名词
3)动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词,通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语.
I would appreciate_______ back this afternoon.(MET 1992)
A.you to call B.you call C.you calling D.you're calling(Key:C your calling 也对)
I regret not having taken your advice.
4)有些词后只能接动名词
admit; appreciate; avoid; celebrate; consider; contemplate; defer; delay; deny; detest; discontinue; dislike; dispute; enjoy; it entails; escape; excuse; explain; fancy; feel like; finish; forgive; can't help; hinder; imagine; it involves; keep; it means; mention; mind; miss; it necessitates; pardon; postpone; practice; prevent; recall; report; resent; resist; risk; suggest; understand...
另外还有一些接-ing形式的常用说法:
it's no good; it's no/little/hardly any/ use; it's not/hardly/scarcely use; it's worthwhile; spend money/time; there's no; there's no point in; there's nothing worse than; what's the use/point...
三、一致关系
一)主谓一致
1. 主谓一致(与插入语无关)
1主谓的分隔原则:主谓之间可以用定语从句或者省略的定语从句分隔。
2定语从句中的主谓一致:
3随前一致:
n. + together with n2
as well as
including
along with
with / of
accompanied with / by
4就近原则:n1 or n2 +v(就近原则)
either n1 or n2
5可数n1 and 可数n2+v(pl)
不可数n1 and 不可数n2+v(pl)
例外:war and peace is… war and peace是一个整体
但是如果主语表示的是同一个概念,同一人,同一事的时候,谓语动词用单数,这种结构的特征是and连接的两个词只有一个冠词。
The iron and steel industry is very important to our country.
The head master and mathematical teacher is coming.
The head master and the mathematical teacher are coming.
类似的还有:law and order bread and
butter black and white
To love and to be loved is …
A lawyer and a teacher are…
A lawyer and teacher is …
6随后原则:not A but B / not only A but also B+v.(与B一致)
7百分比结构:most , half , rest , some , majority , one+persent
of+n1+v.(由n1决定
8倒装结构的主谓一致:
a)There be +n 由名词决定动词
b)Among , between等介词位于句首引起倒装结构:
Among / Between …+系动词+n. (由名词决定动词)
9The+adj的主谓一致:
a)当表示"一类人",
b)当表示某一抽象概念时
The good is always attractive.
10 To do/doing/主从+vs
__More than one+n
many a +n.
a day or two
高中英语实用常考短语
首先,尤其重要的,最重要的 above all
偶然,无意中 by accident
对(于)…很积极 be active in
合计为 add up to
承让错误 admit one’s mistake
接受某人的建议 take / follow one’s advice
就…提出建议 give advice on
建议某人做某事 advice sb. to do sth.
后天 the day after tomorrow
毕竟;终究 after all
违心 against one’s will
在…岁时 at the age of
实现目标 achieve one’s aim
在空中;悬而未决 in the air
在户外,在露天里 in the open air
在机场 at the airport
火警 the fire alarm
满腔怒火 be filled with anger
因某人之言行而生气 be angry at sth.
生某人的气 be angry with sb.
通知 make an announcement
相继地,按顺序地 one after another
相互,彼此(三者或三者以上之间)one another
相互(指两者之间) each other
没有回答 give no answer
英语考试必备重点单词短语
形成…局面;产生 come into being
安全带 a safety belt
三思而后行。 Second thoughts are best.
尽力,尽最大的努力 do / try one’s best
尽量利用,善用 make the best of
一切顺利,万事如意 all the best
黑体地,粗体地 in bold
出身于农民家庭 be born in a peasant’s family
鞠躬 make a bow
动动脑子 use one’s brains
打破纪录 break the record
深吸一口气 take a deep breath
屏息;憋住气 hold one’s breath
上气不接下气 out of breath
刷牙 brush one’s teeth
突然哭起来 burst into tears
突然一阵大笑 a burst of laughter
要不是 but for
呼救声 a call for help
保持镇静(别慌) keep calm
保持安静(别吵) keep quiet
保持不动(别动) keep still
保持沉默(别说话) keep silent
夏令营 a summer camp
去野营 go camping
情不自禁… cannot help doing
打牌 play cards
照顾,保管 take care of
医疗护理 medical care
anything but 一点也不
anything like 像……那样的东西
anywhere near 接近于
apart form 除……之外尚有
apply to 向……申请,适用于
appreciation of 对……的欣赏
argue against 反对
as a result of 作为……的结果,由于
高考英语提分方法
单词背诵不能停
单词的记忆是贯穿整个英语复习阶段的,我们在平时积累的做题技巧也是基于一定的词汇量才能顺利运用的。现阶段单词背诵侧重于高考高频词汇,不求一天两天速刷一遍,反而建议每天都背一部分,最后一个月还可以稳扎稳打过几轮,而且每次背诵也不会压力山大。
阅读先题后文,学会审题定位
阅读不要总是纠结先题后文还是先文后题。拿全国卷来说,应用文题目简单难度低,只有3问,属于基础分,大部分同学都是先文后题;记叙文和说明文/议论文难度较大,一篇文章4个问题,基础好的同学当然可以读完全文再做题,基础不扎实的同学,先题后文,审题-定位,对照着做下来。
作文模板借助英译中记忆
长篇的作文模板不仅背诵难,背着背着还易混淆,这里有个小建议是先将模板翻译成中文,熟悉中文的逻辑和内容之后,联想着去背写英文就方便多了,如果遇到个别生疏的单词,单独记忆就可以了。
英语答题技巧
语法填空解题技巧:语法填空不要考察对语法应用的理解,比如考察介词的搭配,名词考察单复数的应用等。在做这样的题目的时候,你可以记住以下几点,应该对你的做题拿分有帮助。名词看单复数,动词看时态是否变化,介词看搭配,形容词副词看级的变化,数词看基序变形等等。
完形填空解题技巧:高中的完形填空,主要考察英语词组,句型搭配的应用,所以在做这样你可以把完型填空的题型拆分成一个个单项选择,并且使用对语法填空的那些原则,例如:名词看单复数,动词看时态是否变化,介词看搭配,形容词副词看级的变化,数词看基序变形等等。这样的话,你的完型填空拿高分也不是不可能。但是在做题结束以后,一定要通读完整的完型文章来检查选填是否正确。
阅读理解的解题技巧:阅读理解最好的做题方式就是先看题目,选项,然后在看文章,在朗读文章的时候,如果想快速链接文章大意,只读文章的第一句和最后一句,读完以后即可了解大意。切记不要带自我的主观意见在里面,因为这样的主观意见会让你的选择出现错误,一定要以课文的资料内容为主。
七选五题型解题技巧: 在这样的题型里,很多人都很头疼,认为这样的题型,很难穿插正确,其实在七选五里面,每个空的前后两句都是线索,如果你还是不好找到填写线索,你可以看每段的第一句和最后一句,了解大意,然后就好填写了。有的时候,本段选填内容在下一段的开头甚至会给出不错的指示和暗示。