高考英语语法基础练习及答案
答案：other 此处表示“另一只赤着的脚”，指“两者中另外一只”，用the other。句意：为了暖和自己，那个海员坐在火堆前，赤着的一只脚在摩擦另外一只。
2.(2015·浙江，12改编)How would you like ________ if you were watching your favorite TV program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you?
答案：it it作形式宾语，指代后面的if从句。
3.(2015·福建，21改编)The research group produced two reports based on the survey，but ________ contained any useful suggestions.
答案：neither neither表示“两者都不”。句意：这个研究小组根据调查做了两个报告，但是没有一个含有任何有用的建议。
4.(2014·新课标全国，改编)They reached the top successfully, but on ________ way back conditions were very difficult.
答案：their/the 句意为：他们成功登顶，但是在返程的路上却困难重重。名词前需限定词，根据句意可知，此处填形容词性物主代词their与主语保持一致。也可填定冠词the。
5.(2013·课标全国，改编)He had a deep voice, which set ________ apart from others in our small town.
答案：him 句意为：他的嗓音深沉，这让他与我们小镇上其他的人不同。定语从句中缺少谓语动词set的宾语，应填人称代词宾格。根据主句主语he可知填him。
6.(2014·浙江，3改编)An average of just 18.75 cm of rain fell last year, making______the driest year since California became a state in 1850.
答案：it 句意为：去年平均降雨量仅18.75厘米，是自1850年加利福尼亚州建州以来最干旱的一年。根据句意可知，设空处指代上文中的last year。故填it。
7.(2014·课标全国改编)When parents bring home a pet, their child gladly bathes ________ and brushes its fur.
答案：it 句意为：当父母把一个宠物带回家时，他们的孩子高兴地给它洗澡并刷毛。根据句意可知，it指代上文中的a pet。
8.(2014·陕西，21改编)I'd appreciate ______ if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.
答案：it 句意：如果你能提前让我知道你是否会来，我将很感激。I'd appreciate it if...“如果……我将不胜感激”，这是appreciate的固定句式，it作形式宾语。
9.(2013·新课标，14改编)It's an eitheror situation—we can buy a new car this year or we can go on holiday but we can't do________.
答案：both not...both“并非两者都”，为部分否定。
10.(2013·山东，21改编)I've lived in New York and Chicago, but don't like ________ of them very much.
答案：either 句意：我在纽约和芝加哥住过，但是这两个地方我都不是很喜欢。either“两者中的任何一个”。
11.(2013·重庆，31改编)Recycling is one way to protect the environment; reusing is ______.
答案：another 句意：循环利用是保护环境的一种方法，再次使用是另一种。another“另一，又一”。
12.(2013·辽宁，29改编)To her joy, Della earned first the trust of her students and then ______of her colleagues.
答案：that 根据“先赢得了学生的信任，然后赢得了同事的信任”可知，此处用于替代不可数名词trust，应用that;如果替代可数名词复数用those或the ones。
13.(2013·天津，12改编)At our factory there are a few machines similar to______described in this magazine.
答案：those 考查用于比较对象替代的代词。比较对象的替代通常可以用that替代不可数名词，those替代可数名词复数，故此处用those替代比较对象machines。
14.(2015·安徽黄山一模改编)Cultural shock is a feeling which most travelers experience in a foreign country where they find the culture is quite different from that of ________ own.
答案：their 句意为：文化冲击是一种大多数旅游者在外国会经历的感受，他们会发现当地文化与自己的文化大不相同。根据句意可知此处指旅行者自己的文化。of one's own为固定搭配，故填their。
15.(2015·安徽安庆一中、安师大附中联考改编)________ is clear that the little money the invention will bring them can hardly support so large a company.
答案：It 句意为：很显然，这项发明给他们带来的一点点收入几乎不足以养活那么大一个公司。根据句子结构可知，that引导主语从句，放在句尾。it作形式主语，替代真正的主语从句。
16.(2015·北京海淀检测改编)With doubts running through my mind, I felt ________ necessary to carry out a research.
答案：it 句意为：脑海里闪过一些疑虑，我感觉到有必要实施研究。根据句型结构可知，此处用it代替动词不定式作形式宾语。
17.(2015·浙江杭州七校联考改编)Nuclear can be really dangerous at times even though ________ is a nice energy in general.
答案：it 句意为：核能有时可能真是很危险的，尽管它总体上是一种好的能源。根据句意可知，it在此替代上文提到的nuclear。故填it。
18.(2015·福建厦门二中期中改编)The cultural background of China is totally different from ________ of the U.S.
答案：that 句意为：中国的文化背景完全不同于美国的。设空处代指前面的名词the cultural background，特指美国的文化背景，故填that。
19.(2015·重庆一中一模改编)Could ________ be in the restaurant where you had dinner with me yesterday that you lost your handbag?
答案：it 句意为：有可能是在昨天我们一起吃饭的那家饭店你丢的手提包吗?分析句子结构可知，把could it be以及that去掉后，结构和句意仍然完整，由此可推断此句为强调句。故填it。
20.(2015·威海市二模)I had to raise my voice to make ______ heard in the noisy crowd.
答案：myself 句意为：在嘈杂的人群里，我不得不提高声音使自己被听见。make myself heard意为“使我自己被听到”。
二、单句改错
1.(2015·新课标)We must find ways to protect your environment.
答案：your改为our或the 考查代词。前后代词要一致，前面的主语是we，所以此处应为our或the。
2.(2015·新课标)Five minutes later, Tony saw parents.
答案：saw后加his 此处parents为特指，故在前加his。
3.(2015·浙江)Close to the school there was a beautiful park with many trees around them.
答案：them改为it 句意为：离学校很近的地方有一座美丽的公园，公园周围有许多树。所以应用it指代前面的单数可数名词park。
4.(2015·陕西)My soccer coach retired last week. I wanted to do anything special for him at his retirement party.
答案：anything改为something 句意为：我想在他的退休晚会上为他做点特别的事情。此处表示某件事而不是任何事。
5.(2014·浙江)Then everyone in the carriage began searching for the ticket, which was eventually found under a seat several rows from his owner.
答案：his改为its或the 承接上文，此处指票的主人。
6.(2015·辽师大附中期中考试)If I chose to take the next bus, I would have to wait for other 30 minutes.
答案：other改为another “数词+时间段”应位于another的后面，如果数词位于前面，不定代词应用other/more。
7.(2015·宁夏银川一中月考)I knew that they would be worried about myself because I was so far away.
答案：myself改为me be worried about的主语是they，宾语是第一人称代词，二者没有互指关系，所以作宾语的代词用宾格me。
8.(2015·西藏拉萨中学月考)In fact, the weather here is quite different from it in your city.
答案：it改为that 介词from的宾语应该是同名异物不可数名词the weather，而且由后面作定语的in your city可知是特指，故应用that替代。
9.(2015·吉林实验中学三检)They think it of special help in expressing them.
答案：them改为themselves express的宾语them与其逻辑主语they指的是同一批人，所以作宾语的应为反身代词。
10.(2015·浙江杭州一模)That took years of work to reduce the industrial pollution and clean the water.
答案：That改为It 句子的真正主语是动词不定式短语to reduce the...，所以句首应是形式主语，故用it。
三、语法填空
(2015·山西省第二次四校联考)
I was in the ninth year when I began to suffer depression.My parents noticed but felt that since I'd always been __1__ good child, this was temporary.
__2__(fortunate), it was not to be so. I didn't have friends. Hardly could I share my problems. Deep worry began to destroy my __3__(confident). Finally I refused to attend classes, shutting__4__ in my room for hours.
The examination was approaching, but I simply didn't care. My parents and teachers were surprised at my bad performance. One morning, __5__ a particularly severe lecture from my father, I stood at the school gate, __6__(depress). Then as the other students marched to their classrooms, our headmaster called me. The next fortyfive minutes was one of __7__(precious) moments in my life. She said she __8__(notice) a big change in me and wondered why. At first she took my hands in __9__(she) and listened patiently as I mentioned my worries. Then she hugged me as I wept. Months of frustration and loneliness disappeared in her motherly hug.
No one had tried to understand what the real problem was except the headmaster, __10__ helped me out simply by listening and hugging.
1.______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______
6.______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______
答案：
文章大意：本文讲述了作者小时候患抑郁症后得到了校长的关爱而走出阴影的故事。
1.a 考查冠词。child是可数名词，且第一次在文章中出现，故用不定冠词修饰，表示“一个”好孩子。
2.Unfortunately 考查副词。不幸的是，情况并非如此。根据逗号的提示可知，此处应用所给词的副词形式，修饰整个句子，作状语。再根据句意可知，应用Unfortunately。
3.confidence 考查名词。my是形容词性物主代词，修饰名词，作定语，故用confidence。
4.myself 考查代词。句子主语I和空所填词为同一人，故用反身代词。
5.after 考查连词。根据语境可知，此处应用连词after，表示“在……之后”。
6.depressed 考查形容词。由句子的主语I和该空前的逗号可知，应用形容词depressed在句子中作主语补足语。
7.the most precious 考查形容词最高级。根据空格前的“one of”并结合语境可知，此处用最高级修饰名词moments，表示“最珍贵的时刻之一”，故用the most precious。
8.had noticed 考查过去完成时。notice的动作发生在said之前，表示过去的过去，故用过去完成时。
9.hers 考查代词。介词后跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语，且由空格前的“my hands”可知，此处用名词性物主代词hers，表示她的手。
10.who 考查非限定性定语从句。who引导非限定性定语从句，在从句中作主语，修饰先行词the headmaster。
四、短文改错
(2015·南昌市调测)
I will share a truely story with you that happened a couple of days ago. One of my classmate bought a bag of snacks from a food store. A few roommates were then invited to enjoy snacks.
Luckily, all of them got poisoned and had stomachaches with our faces pale. They are quickly sent to a nearby hospital. Doctors examined them but gave them some medicine. They were out of danger soon before taking the medicine. This accident should make us to realize the seriousness of the food safety problem. I strong suggest that the whole society pay more attention to food safety.
答案：
I will share a story with you that happened a couple of days ago. One of my bought a bag of snacks from a food store. A few roommates were then invited to enjoy snacks.
， all of them got poisoned and had stomachaches with faces pale. They quickly sent to a nearby hospital. Doctors examined them gave them some medicine. They were out of danger soon taking the medicine. This accident should make us to realize the seriousness of the food safety problem. I suggest that the whole society pay more attention to food safety.
解析：
第一处：truely→true 修饰名词story应用形容词。
第二处：classmate→classmates one of后接名词复数。
第三处：enjoy后加the the snacks零食。
第四处：Luckily→Unluckily 由句意可知，应是“不幸地”。
第五处：our→their 代词指代应与前面的them对应。
第六处：are→were 由该段整体时态可知。
第七处：but→and 前后句意应为顺承关系。
第八处：before→after 吃药后，他们都脱离了危险。
第九处：去掉to make sb. do sth.让某人做某事。
第十九：strong→strongly 修饰动词应用副词strongly。