高考英语语法练习题及答案详解
答案：grateful be grateful to...意为“对……感激/感谢”。
2.(2015·安徽，31改编)They gave money to the old people's home either ________(person) or through their companies.
答案：personally personally“私人地，个人地”。句意：他们以个人的名义或通过他们的公司给养老院捐钱。
3.(2015·浙江，13改编)Most of us，if we know even a little about where our food comes from，understand that every bite put into our mouths was ________(former) alive.
答案：formerly formerly“先前地，以前地”。句意：如果我们了解甚至一点点有关食物是从哪儿来的，那么大多数人都懂得每一口放进我们嘴里的食物之前都是活着的。
4.(2015·湖北，27改编)Even though the conference hall is near his apartment, he has to hurry a little if he wants to be________(punctuality).
答案：punctual punctual准时的。句意：尽管会议大厅就在他的公寓附近，但如果他想要准时到达，他必须得快点。
5.(2015·湖北，28改编)I don't think what he said is ________(relevantly) to the topic we are discussing. He has missed the point.
答案：relevant relevant相关的，切题的。句意：我认为他所说的话与我们正在讨论的问题不相关。他没有抓住要点。
6.(2015·四川，9改编)Little Tom sat ________(amaze) watching the monkey dancing in front of him.
答案：amazed amazed意为“感到吃惊的”，常修饰人。句意：小汤姆吃惊地坐在那儿看着猴子在他面前跳舞。拓展：These soldiers spent three days in the old weather，cold and hungry.这些士兵们又冷又饿，在严寒的天气中过了三天。
7.(2015·福建，23改编)It was ________(consider) of Michael to inform us of his delay in case we got worried.
答案：considerate considerate考虑周到的，体贴的，常用结构It is considerate of sb. to do sth。句意：迈克尔告知我们他耽搁了一些时间，以防我们担心真是太考虑周到了。
8.(2015·江苏，31改编)The police officers decided to conduct a thorough and________(comprehension) review of the case.
答案：comprehensive comprehensive“全面的，详尽的”。句意：警官们决定对这个案件做一个彻底、详尽的审查。
9.(2014·课标全国Ⅰ，70改编)Just be ________(patience).
答案：patient 句意为：要耐心。设空前为系动词be，因此要用提示词的形容词形式作表语，故填patient。
10.(2014·湖北，27改编)What was so ______(impress) about Jasmine Westland's victory was that she came first in the marathon barefooted.
答案：impressive 句意为：贾丝明·韦斯特兰的胜利给人印象很深的是，她赤脚取得了马拉松的第一名。设空处和前面的系动词was构成系表结构，所以用形容词作表语。impressive意为“给人印象深刻的”。
11.(2014·陕西，16改编)—You know, I met my girlfriend's parents for the first time only yesterday.
—______(real)? I thought you'd met them before.
答案：Really 句意为：——你知道么，我就是在昨天第一次见了女友的父母。——真的吗?我以为你以前就见过他们了呢。really意为“真的”，在此处表示惊奇。
12.(2013·湖北，29改编)Don't defend him any more.It's obvious that he______(deliberate) destroyed the fence of the garden even without apology.
答案：deliberately 设空处修饰谓语动词destroyed，用副词形式。句意为：不要再为他辩解了。很显然他是故意弄坏花园的栅栏的，他甚至都不道歉。
13.(2014·江西，23改编)Thanks for your directions to the house; we wouldn't have found it ______.
答案：otherwise 句意为：多谢你把我们领到这所房子，否则，我们是不可能找到它的。otherwise意为“要不然，否则”符合语境。
14.(2014·湖北，78改编)This novel was once the ______(wide) read book in high schools in the United States.
答案：most widely 句意为：这部小说曾经是美国高中阅读最广泛的书。根据空前的定冠词及空后的in high schools in the United States可知，应用最高级the most widely来修饰过去分词read，故填most widely。
15.(2014·辽宁，68)The ________ (hard) you try to beat him, the more likely you will get hit.He controls you!
答案：harder 本句是固定句式：“the+比较级，the+比较级”，表示“越……就越……”。句意为：你越是用力打他，你就越可能被打，他能够控制你!故答案为harder。
二、单句改错
1.(2015·新课标Ⅰ)Lots of studies have shown that global warming has already become a very seriously problem.
答案：seriously改为serious 应用形容词修饰名词，不能用副词。
2.(2014·辽宁)That is too much for us, considering how closely the houses are.
答案：closely改为close closely是副词，副词通常不能和系动词连用构成系表结构，应改为形容词close，本句how close the houses are中的close本应该是在系动词are的后面，构成系表结构are close。
3.(2013·广东，23改编)But such a small thing couldn’t possible destroy a village.
答案：possible改为possibly 修饰动词destroy，用副词形式。
4.(2012·湖北，26改编)“Perhaps we need to send for Dr.Smith to see what we can do about it，”Father suggested tentative to his neighbor who had come to discuss the problem.
答案：tentative改为tentatively 修饰谓语动词suggested，用副词形式。
5.(2012·湖南，24改编)Bicycling is good exercise;beside, it does not pollute the air.
答案：beside改为besides 句意为：骑单车是一项非常好的运动，而且，还不会污染空气。这里表示的是“另外，而且”表示进一步从另外一个角度阐明该问题，应用副词besides。beside是介词，意为“在……旁边”。
6.(2015·宁夏银川一中月考)Therefore, I told them interestedstories and how I was enjoying Brazil.
答案：interested改为interesting 表示“(事物本身)有趣的”，用现在分词形式的形容词。句意为：因此，我给他们讲有趣的故事，告诉(他们)我有多么喜欢巴西。
7.The doctor said there was nothing seriously with her.
答案：seriously改为serious 修饰不定代词nothing，用于说明其性质和程度，应该用形容词作后置定语。
8.I write to my mother every week, most on Sundays.
答案：most改为mostly 副词mostly表示“大部分地;主要地”，此处作“大多数”讲，故将most改为mostly。most作副词时，意为“最”。
9.Zaire is the second large producer of diamonds.
答案：large改为largest 根据句意可知，此处表示最高级意义，largest前加序数词表示“第几大……”。
10.After making a carefully examination, the doctor said, “You arein a very good state of health for a woman of your age.
答案：carefully改为careful examination是名词，要用形容词来修饰。
11.The dog may be a good companion for the old. Therefore, theneed to take it for walks may be a disadvantage.
答案：Therefore改为However 句意为：狗或许是老年人的好朋友，然而带着它散步可能不方便。disadvantage是关键词，由此可知前后两句是转折关系，故用however。
12.Hearing the news that he failed in the exam, he felt very sadly.
答案：sadly改为sad 此处felt为系动词，后面应跟形容词作表语，故应用sad。
13.He has to work if he wants to live comfortable.
答案：comfortable改为comfortably 修饰动词live，应用副词comfortably。
14.When he was young, he read a lot, and late he became a famouswriter of his day.
答案：late改为later late作形容词或副词，意为“迟，晚”;later作副词，意为“后来”，符合语境。
15.This is a most beautiful park. I have never seen a best one before.
答案：best改为better 此处用比较级better，放在否定句中表达最高级含义。
三、语法填空
(2015·日照市校际联考)
A man looking at his smartphone while walking across a railway crossing in Nanjing__1__(have) a close knock on Oct. 22. He was so __2__(absorb) in his smartphone that he didn't see a train approaching until it brushed past him, __3__(throw)him to the ground. This should serve __4__a warning that people should be aware of their surroundings, especially __5__ crossing roads.
__6__(lucky), the man survived a brush with death, but the incident forced the driver __7__(stop)the train. An 18minute delay followed the incident, __8__led to a break in the running of other trains on the route.
Smartphone __9__(addicted)has spread like an infectious disease. It's evident that it will do great harm to society. What's even __10__(bad), some addicts become impatient with relatives and friends.
Some people blame the smartphone for the tragedy，yet in fact people's weakening selfcontrol and selfdiscipline are to blame.
1.______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______
6.______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______
答案：
文章大意：如今手机上瘾现象非常严重，对人们的生活有着很大的危害。文章告诉我们是我们的自控力和自我约束力差而导致此种现象，并非手机本身的问题。
1.had 考查一般过去时。根据时间状语“on Oct. 22”可知，此处是在描述发生在过去的事情，故用一般过去时。
2.absorbed 考查固定短语。be absorbed in“专心致志，全神贯注”，是固定短语。
3.throwing 考查现在分词。根据语境可知，此处表示“火车与他擦身而过，把他摔在了地上”，train和throw之间是主谓关系，故用现在分词作结果状语。
4.as 考查固定结构。serve as意为“起作用，产生效果”，此处表示“这应该给人们起一个警告作用”。
5.when/while 考查连词。根据语境可知，此处表示“尤其是当过马路的时候”，故用when或while，此处是“主语+系动词”的省略。可还原为：especially when/while they are crossing roads。
6.Luckily 考查副词。幸运的是，这个男子与死亡擦肩而过，但是这个事件迫使驾驶员停下了火车。在句首应该用lucky的副词形式，即Luckily。
7.to stop 考查动词不定式。force sb. to do sth.意为“迫使某人做某事”，为固定结构。
8.which 考查非限制性定语从句。因为这件事耽搁了18分钟，导致路线上其他火车的运行中断了。此处用which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面的“An 18minute delay”。
9.addiction 考查名词。分析句子成分可知，此处作主语，意为“手机上瘾”，故用addicted的名词形式addiction，意为“上瘾”。addict作为名词时，意为“对……着迷的人”，此处不符合语境。
10.worse 考查形容词比较级。what's even worse意为“甚至更糟糕的是”，even修饰比较级，故用worse。
四、短文改错
(2015·云南师大附中适应性考试)
Alibaba founder Jack Ma, his company has been valued at more than $ 221 billion of which Ma owned 6%, is put in the top position among China's wealthiest. But he stays outside the list of the world's 10 rich people.
Fought against a hard life, young Ma still managed to learn English well enough to gain a degree and became a teacher. Afterwards he started a translation agency in which took him to the US, where he introduced to the Internet. His fate was bound to change before he was accidentally appointed to take an American visitor Jerry Yang, a cofounder of Yahoo, in a tour of the Great Wall. The meeting obvious proved to be a turning point for all of them, promoting the birth of Alibaba and the later cooperation with Jerry Yang.
答案：
Alibaba founder Jack Ma, company has been valued at more than $ 221 billion of which Ma 6%, is put in the top position among China's wealthiest. But he stays outside the list of the world's 10 people.
against a hard life, young Ma still managed to learn English well enough to gain a degree and became a teacher. Afterwards he started a translation agency in which took him to the US, where he introduced to the Internet. His fate was bound to change he was accidentally appointed to take an American visitor Jerry Yang, a cofounder of Yahoo, a tour of the Great Wall. The meeting proved to be a turning point for of them, promoting the birth of Alibaba and the later cooperation with Jerry Yang.
解析：
第一处：his→whose 考查定语从句。第一句话主干成分是Jack Ma is put in the top position，所以逗号后应该是定语从句，所以把his改为whose。
第二处：owned→owns 考查时态。由第一段时态可知。
第三处：rich→richest 考查形容词的最高级。世界上最富有的十个人，所以用最高级。
第四处：Fought→Fighting 考查非谓语动词。句子主语young Ma与fight之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系，所以用其ing形式。
第五处：去掉which前的in 考查定语从句。定语从句部分took him to the US缺少主语，所以用关系代词which。而in which相当于关系副词where。
第六处：introduced前加was 考查语态。此处是他被介绍到网络上，应该用被动语态。
第七处：before→when或after 考查连词。在他带领雅虎的创办人美国旅游家Jerry Yang游览长城时(后)，他的命运必定会改变。
第八处：in→to 考查介词。分析句子，此处是与前面的took连在一起的，所以是take sb. to some place领某人去某地。
第九处：obvious→obviously 考查形容词与副词。修饰动词proved用副词。
第十处：all→both 考查代词。此处提到了两个人Jack Ma和Jerry Yang。