英语语法名词性从句知识
英语语法名词性从句知识(一)
He asked what you were doing last night. 他问你昨天夜晚在干什么。
I didn’t know that he was wounded in the accident. 我原来不知道他在那事故中受了伤。
Can you explain why he didn’t come to the party last Sunday? 你能解释上周星期日他为什么没有来参加聚会吗?
在宾语从句中须注意：
1. that 在口语中常被省略，但在正式的文体中，不能省;并且它一般不能引导介词的宾语从句，但可引导except, but, in 等少数介词的宾语从句。如：
I didn’t know (that) he was Li Lei. 我不知道他就是李蕾。
I will do anything I can to help you except that I’m ill. 只要我身体舒服，我愿做任何事情来帮助你。
2. 宾语从句之后带有补足语成分时，一般须用it作形式宾语，把宾语从句放到句末，此时的that不能省。如：
The boy has made it clear that they can’t play with his toys. 那个男孩已清楚的表明他们不能玩弄他的玩具。
3. 动词advise, ask, demand, desire, insist(坚决主张), order, propose, request, suggest(建议)等代的宾语从句须用虚拟语气，即：(should) do的形式。
He asked that we (should) get there before nine o’clock. 他要求我们在九点钟之前赶到那儿。
The teacher advised us that we (should) not waste our time. 老师劝告我们不要浪费时间了。
4. 宾语从句的时态与主句的时态须呼应。
1)当主句谓语动词的时态是现在时或将来时，从句的谓语动词可用任何所需要的时态表示。如：
He always says that he is our good friend. 他总是说他是我们的好朋友。
When the teacher knows what we have done, he will say that we have done a good deed. 当老师知道我们所干的事情时，他会说我们做了一件好事。
2)当主句谓语动词的时态为过去时，从句的谓语动词须用响应的过去时。如：
He didn’t tell us he came from Shanghai. 他没有告诉我们他来自上海。
He said he had read the book. 他说他读过这本书。
3)但当从句的内容是客观真理或客观事实，而不受时间的限制时，即使主句谓语动词为过去时，从句仍用一般现在时。如
Chairman Mao said that all the imperialists are paper tigers. 毛主席说一切帝国主义者都是纸老虎。
When we were children, we were told that China is in the east of the world. 我们还是小孩子的时候，人们就告诉我们说中国在世界的东方。
英语语法名词性从句知识(二)
引导宾语从句的that在下列情况下一般不省略：
1. 宾语从句前有插入语。如：
We hope, on the contrary, that he will stay at home with us. 恰恰相反，我们希望他和我们呆在家里。
2. 有间接宾语时。如：
He told me that he was leaving for Japan. 他告诉我他要去日本。
3. that在与之并列的另一个宾语从句之后。如：
He said (that) the book was very interesting and that(不省略) all the children like to read it.他说那本书很有趣，所有小孩都喜欢读。
4. 在“it(形式宾语)+补语”之后时。如：
I think it necessary that he should stay here. 我们认为他有必要留在这里。
5. that从句单独回答问题时。如：
—What did he hear? 他听说了什么事?
—That Kate had passed the exam. (他听说)凯特考试及格了。
6. 在except等介词后。如：
He has no special fault except that he smokes too much.他除了抽烟太多之外,没有什么特别的毛病。
7. 位于句首时。如：
That our team will win, I believe. 我相信我们队会赢。
8. 在较为正式或不常用的动词(如reply, object)后。如：
He replied that he disagreed. 他回答说他不同意。
英语语法名词性从句知识(三)
在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从句，包括作主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。
(1)主语从句
就是在复合句中作主语的从句。主语从句常用that, whether, who, whom, whose, what, which, when, where, how, why, whatever, whoever等引导。如：
Whether he will be able to come remains a question. 他是否来还是问题。
That China is a great socialist country is well known. 众所周知，中国是一个伟大的社会主义国家。
注：为避免头重脚轻，使句子平衡，常用it作形式主语，而将主语从句后置。如上述第二例常说成：
It is well known that China is a great socialist country.
但是，由连接代词what, whatever, whoever等引导的主语从句一般不能用形式主语。如：
What he found surprised me greatly. 他的发现使我非常吃惊。
Whoever is finished may rest. 凡是做完工的人都可以休息。
(2)表语从句
就是在连系动词之后作表语的从句。引导表语从句的连接除与引导主语从句的连接词外，还有as if， as though。如：
The question is whether he is able to do it alone. 问题是他能否单独做这件事。
It looks as if (though) it is going to snow. 天好像要下雪似的。
注意：要区分以下句式：
1. that’s why+结果;that’s because+原因。2. the reason why /for…is that…
He is absent. That’s because he is ill. 他缺席，这是因为他生病了。
He is ill. That’s why he is absent. 他病了，这就是他缺席的原因。
The reason why he is absent is that he is ill. 他缺席的原因是他生病了。
(3)宾语从句
就是在复合句中作宾语的从句。引导这宾语从句的连接词与引导主语从句的连接词基本相同。如：
They didn’t say which they wanted. 他们没有说他们想要哪一个。
I am sure (that) no harm will ever come to you. 我肯定你永远不会受伤害。
I was surprised at what has happened.我对发生的事感到惊讶。
注意：当think, believe, suppose等的疑问式后面跟连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句时，习惯这些连接词置于句首，即“连接代/副词+do you think /believe /expect+宾语从句的其余部分?”如：
Who do you think is the best player this year? 你认为今年谁是最佳运动员?
What do you suppose you will do after school? 你想放学后干什么?
(4)同位语从句
就是在句中作同位语的从句。它通常有放在thought, idea, news, word(=news), plan, doubt, question, fact, suggestion, belief等抽象名词的后面，说明这些词的具体内容或含义。同位语从句大多由that引导，也可由whether, how, when, where, why等引导，但不能由which引导。如：
The idea that the earth is round is not a new one. “地球是圆的”这种观点并不新鲜。
He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not. 他必须回答他是否同意此事这们一问题。
I have no idea when he will set out. 我不知他什么时候出发。
注：有时，同位语从句并不紧跟在它所说明的词的后面。如：
The whole truth came out at last that he was a wolf in sheep’s clothing. 真相终于大白了，他原来是一只披羊皮的狼。
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