2022年北京市高考英语试题及答案解析
英语
本试卷共11页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。
考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。
考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 知识运用(共两节，30分)
第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
One Monday morning, while the children were enjoying “free play”, I stepped to the doorway of the classroom to take a break. Suddenly, I 1 a movement of the heavy wooden door. This was the very door I 2 guided the children through to ensure their safety from the bitter cold. I felt a chill ( 寒意 ) go through my body.
My legs carried me to that door, and I pushed it open. It was one of my kindergarteners who I thought was 3 that day. He had been dropped off at school late and was 4 to open the door.
He must have been waiting there for quite a while! Without a word, I rushed him to the hospital. He was treated for frostbite on his hands. He’d need time to 5 , and wouldn’t come for class the next day, I thought.
The next morning, one of the first to 6 was my little frostbitten boy. Not only did he run in with energy, but his 7 could be heard as loud as ever! I gave him a warm hug and told him how 8 I was to see him. His words have stayed with me all these years, “I knew you would open the door.”
That cold Monday morning, he waited a long, long while for adults to 9 . To a child, every minute feels like forever. He didn’t attempt to walk back home; he waited and trusted. This five-year-old taught me a powerful lesson in 10 .
1.A.caused B.spotted C.checked D.imagined
2.A.hesitantly B.randomly C.dizzily D.carefully
3.A.angry B.absent C.special D.noisy
4.A.courageous B.content C.unable D.unwilling
5.A.recover B.play C.change D.wait
6.A.settle B.gather C.arrive D.react
7.A.sneeze B.weep C.complaint D.laughter
8.A.lucky B.happy C.curious D.nervous
9.A.show up B.pull up C.hold up D.line up
10.A.gratitude B.forgiveness C.faith D.kindness
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
A
Helen was walking down the street late 11 the evening, her arms filled with grocery bags. Focused on balancing the bags, she didn’t notice her wallet falling out of her pocket. As Helen walked on, she heard a man charging towards her. Fearful that he might have an intention 12 (harm) her, Helen started to run. Eventually, the man 13 (catch) up with her, and he was only trying to return her wallet!
B
Why do humans prefer some smells over others? One theory, increasingly 14 (support) by experts, suggests that smell preferences are learned. It’s easy to explain how we determine 15 smells are dangerous or not: we learn. This has been adopted to ensure easier detection of gas leaks. Gas naturally 16 (have) no recognisable smell. However, a strong smell is added so that we can raise the alarm when we detect the smell associated with danger.
C
Since people can’t always eat out or cook for 17 (they), they get takeout or order delivery. More takeout and more food delivery equal more waste, especially plastic waste. That includes cups, bottles, and bags, most of 18 are only good for one use. That’s a big problem and it is getting even 19 (bad). The use of those plastics 20 (increase) by 300% since 2019. The world won’t survive if this situation continues.
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，38分)
第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Peer ( 同伴 ) Assisted Study Sessions (PASS) is a peer-facilitated learning programme available to students enrolled ( 注册 ) in most core units of study in our business school.
PASS involves weekly sessions where you work in groups to tackle specially prepared problem sets, based around a unit of study you’re enrolled in.
PASS doesn’t re-teach or deliver new content. It’s an opportunity to deepen your understanding of the key points from lecture materials while you are applying your skills to solve problems.
You work interactively with your peers. As a peer group, you decide what is covered in each session. That way, PASS directly responds to your needs and feedback.
Registration in Term 2 will open at 9 am, 21 September 2022.
Waiting lists
If a session is full, you can register for the waiting list. We will email you if a place becomes available or if a new session is to be held.
When you are placed on a waiting list, we will email you a number which tells you where you are on the list. If you are close to the front of the list, you have a good chance of gaining a place in the programme in the near future.
Deregistering
If you miss two PASS sessions in a row, you will be deregistered and your place will be given to someone on the waiting list. Make sure you fill in the attendance sheet at each session to record your attendance.
You’ll be informed by email if you are being deregistered as a result of missing sessions. If you believe you have received the email in error, email the PASS office at passoffice@umbs. edu.
21.In PASS, students ______.
A.attend new lectures B.decide their own schedules
C.prepare problem sets in groups D.use their skills to solve problems
22.What can students do if a session is full?
A.Fill in the attendance sheet. B.Sign up for the waiting list.
C.Report their needs and feedback. D.Email the office their numbers on the list.
23.Students will be deregistered if ______.
A.they send emails in error B.they fail to work interactively
C.they give their places to others D.they miss two sessions in a row
B
My name is Alice. Early last year, I was troubled by an anxiety that crippled ( 削弱 ) my ability to do anything. I felt like a storm cloud hung over me. For almost a year I struggled on, constantly staring at this wall that faced me. My perfectionist tendencies were the main root of this: I wanted to be perfect at whatever I did, which obviously in life is not possible, but it consumed me.
One day, I attended a presentation by wildlife conservationist Grant Brown at my high school. His presentation not only awed and inspired me, but also helped emerge an inner desire to make a difference in the world. I joined a pre-presentation dinner with him and that smaller setting allowed me to slowly build up my courage to speak one-on-one with him—an idea that had seemed completely impossible. This first contact was where my story began.
A month later, Brown invited me to attend the World Youth Wildlife Conference. Looking back, I now see that this would be the first in a series of timely opportunities that my old self would have let pass, but that this new and more confident Alice enthusiastically seized. Shortly after I received his invitation, applications to join the Youth for Nature and the Youth for Planet groups were sent around through my high school. I decided to commit to completing the applications, and soon I was a part of a growing global team of young people working to protect nature. Each of these new steps continued to grow my confidence.
I am writing this just six months since my journey began and I’ve realised that my biggest obstacle ( 障碍 ) this whole time was myself. It was that voice in the back of my head telling me that one phrase that has stopped so many people from reaching their potential: I can’t. They say good things come to those who wait; I say: grab every opportunity with everything you have and be impatient. After all, nature does not require our patience, but our action.
24.What was the main cause for Alice’s anxiety?
A.Her inability to act her age. B.Her habit of consumption.
C.Her desire to be perfect. D.Her lack of inspiration.
25.How did Grant Brown’s presentation influence Alice?
A.She decided to do something for nature. B.She tasted the sweetness of friendship.
C.She learned about the harm of desire. D.She built up her courage to speak up.
26.The activities Alice joined in helped her to become more ______.
A.intelligent B.confident C.innovative D.critical
27.What can we learn from this passage?
A.Practice makes perfect. B.Patience is a cure of anxiety.
C.Action is worry’s worst enemy. D.Everything comes to those who wait.
C
“What would the world be if there were no hunger?” It’s a question that Professor Crystal would ask her students. They found it hard to answer, she wrote later, because imagining something that isn’t part of real life—and learning how to make it real—is a rare skill. It is taught to artists and engineers, but much less often to scientists. Crystal set out to change that, and helped to create a global movement. The result—an approach known as systems thinking—is now seen as essential in meeting global challenges.
Systems thinking is crucial to achieving targets such as zero hunger and better nutrition because it requires considering the way in which food is produced, processed, delivered and consumed, and looking at how those things intersect ( 交叉 ) with human health, the environment, economics and society. According to systems thinking, changing the food system—or any other network—requires three things to happen. First, researchers need to identify all the players in that system; second, they must work out how they relate to each other; and third, they need to understand and quantify the impact of those relationships on each other and on those outside the system.
Take nutrition. In the latest UN report on global food security, the number of undernourished (营养不良) people in the world has been rising, despite great advances in nutrition science. Tracking of 150 biochemicals in food has been important in revealing the relationships between calories, sugar, fat and the occurrence of common diseases. But using machine learning and artificial intelligence, some scientists propose that human diets consist of at least 26,000 biochemicals—and that the vast majority are not known.
A systems approach to creating change is also built on the assumption that everyone in the system has equal power. But as some researchers find, the food system is not an equal one. A good way to redress ( 修正 ) such power imbalance is for more universities to do what Crystal did and teach students how to think using a systems approach.
More researchers, policymakers and representatives from the food industry must learn to look beyond their direct lines of responsibility and adopt a systems approach. Crystal knew that visions alone don’t produce results, but concluded that “we’ll never produce results that we can’t envision”.
28.The author uses the question underlined in Paragraph 1 to ______.
A.illustrate an argument B.highlight an opinion
C.introduce the topic D.predict the ending
29.What can be inferred about the field of nutrition?
A.The first objective of systems thinking hasn’t been achieved.
B.The relationships among players have been clarified.
C.Machine learning can solve the nutrition problem.
D.The impact of nutrition cannot be quantified.
30.As for systems thinking, which would the author agree with?
A.It may be used to justify power imbalance.
B.It can be applied to tackle challenges.
C.It helps to prove why hunger exists.
D.It goes beyond human imagination.
D
Quantum ( 量子 ) computers have been on my mind a lot lately. A friend has been sending me articles on how quantum computers might help solve some of the biggest challenges we face as humans. I’ve also had exchanges with two quantum-computing experts. One is computer scientist Chris Johnson who I see as someone who helps keep the field honest. The other is physicist Philip Taylor.
For decades, quantum computing has been little more than a laboratory curiosity. Now, big tech companies have invested in quantum computing, as have many smaller ones. According to Business Weekly, quantum machines could help us “cure cancer, and even take steps to turn climate change in the opposite direction.” This is the sort of hype ( 炒作 ) that annoys Johnson. He worries that researchers are making promises they can’t keep. “What’s new,” Johnson wrote, “is that millions of dollars are now potentially available to quantum computing researchers.”
As quantum computing attracts more attention and funding, researchers may mislead investors, journalists, the public and, worst of all, themselves about their work’s potential. If researchers can’t keep their promises, excitement might give way to doubt, disappointment and anger, Johnson warns. Lots of other technologies have gone through stages of excitement. But something about quantum computing makes it especially prone to hype, Johnson suggests, perhaps because “‘quantum’ stands for something cool you shouldn’t be able to understand.” And that brings me back to Taylor, who suggested that I read his book Q for Quantum.
After I read the book, Taylor patiently answered my questions about it. He also answered my questions about PyQuantum, the firm he co-founded in 2016. Taylor shares Johnson’s concerns about hype, but he says those concerns do not apply to PyQuantum.
The company, he says, is closer than any other firm “by a very large margin ( 幅度 )” to building a “useful” quantum computer, one that “solves an impactful problem that we would not have been able to solve otherwise.” He adds, “People will naturally discount my opinions, but I have spent a lot of time quantitatively comparing what we are doing with others.”
Could PyQuantum really be leading all the competition “by a wide margin”, as Taylor claims? I don’t know. I’m certainly not going to advise my friend or anyone else to invest in quantum computers. But I trust Taylor, just as I trust Johnson.
31.Regarding Johnson’s concerns, the author feels ______.
A.sympathetic B.unconcerned C.doubtful D.excited
32.What leads to Taylor’s optimism about quantum computing?
A.His dominance in physics. B.The competition in the field.
C.His confidence in PyQuantum. D.The investment of tech companies.
33.What does the underlined word “prone” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean?
A.Open. B.Cool. C.Useful. D.Resistant.
34.Which would be the best title for the passage?
A.Is Johnson More Competent Than Taylor?
B.Is Quantum Computing Redefining Technology?
C.Will Quantum Computers Ever Come into Being?
D.Will Quantum Computing Ever Live Up to Its Hype?
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Health and fitness help a person live a good and healthy life. Often due to various pressures, we tend to ignore our health. 35 It is the fitness level of our body that helps us fight these diseases.
36 We need to be fit to have a healthy body. Similarly, if we are healthy we shall naturally be attracted towards maintaining the fitness of our body. Health is the state of our body at a given time. We may not have any disease but still have a weak body, which is ready to be targeted by viruses. 37 This does not definitely mean that we are not healthy. It means the fitness level is not in accordance with our age and the climatic conditions we live in.
It is important for everyone to devote some time to health and fitness. 38 For instance, we must exercise daily regardless of our age and working style. There are different levels of exercises for different age groups and we must do them according to our own health and age.
Additionally, it is important to relax our body. We should have at least six to eight hours of sleep every day. It helps in improving our immune ( 免疫 ) system and protects us against diseases. 39 This, in turn, gives us new goals of health and fitness.
A.Fitness levels decide the quality of life.
B.Health and fitness are interrelated to each other.
C.It also helps in keeping us calm and relaxes our mind.
D. For instance, we may have a tendency to catch a cold easily.
E. If we keep our body fit, we can enjoy life in a better manner.
F. There are some activities which everyone should do in our life.
G.This makes our body suffer and we catch lifestyle and other diseases.
第三部分 书面表达(共两节，32分)
第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
Tom, a 15-year-old inventor and entrepreneur ( 创业者 ), witnessed at his own school the widespread consumption of sugary drinks by kids. He knew there had to be a better portable drink solution and decided to innovate from something he saw in his own home: fruit infused ( 浸泡 ) water.
Tom watched his mum make healthy fruit infusions but then struggle for a take-along option. From observing his mum and from his desire to give kids better drink options, he came up with his original model for the Fun Bottle. “I wanted to come up with a healthy, natural way for people to drink when on the go. A big part of my mission is to get people of all ages off sugary drinks,” Tom explains.
The bottle is made with a strainer ( 滤网 ) that allows the great tastes and natural sugars of the various fruits and vegetables you choose to come through the water, without any of the seeds or skins flowing through.
Tom is proud of his design and excited to be selling the Fun Bottle on his website and in stores, but this 15-year-old is most proud of the opportunities that Fun Bottle presents to others. It helps to provide healthy alternatives to sugary drinks; and also Tom donates part of the profits to the Organisation for a Healthier Generation (OHG).
Tom has been awarded several prizes, but this teenage innovator remains humble. When asked what advice he’d give other entrepreneurial youth, he says, “Prepare and have your family’s support. It is important to know from the beginning that there are a lot of highs and lows, and there is no such thing as overnight success.”
40.What did Tom witness at his own school?
41.Where did Tom get the idea for the original model for the Fun Bottle?
42.Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
? Tom is most proud of the opportunities that Fun Bottle presents to others because he not only provides healthy alternatives to sugary drinks but also donates all the profits to the OHG.
43.Among Tom’s qualities, which one(s) do you think will be important for us? Why?(In about 40 words)
第二节(20分)
假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你打算邀请英国好友Jim为你们班做一关于英语写作的线上经验交流。请你用英文给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括：
1.建议交流的具体内容及其原因;
2.交流时间和其他相关事项。
注意：1.词数100左右;
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,
Li Hua
(请务必将作文写在答题卡指定区域内)
2022年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(北京卷)
英语参考答案
第一部分 知识运用(共两节，30分)
第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
1.B 2.D 3.B 4.C 5.A
6.C 7.D 8.B 9.A 10.C
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
11.in 12.to harm 13.caught 14.supported 15.whether
16.has 17.themselves 18.which 19.worse 20.has increased
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，38分)
第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)
21.D 22.B 23.D 24.C 25.A
26.B 27.C 28.C 29.A 30.B
31.A 32.C 33.A 34.D
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)
35.G 36.B 37.D 38.F 39.C
第三部分 书面表达(共两节，32分)
第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)
40.Tom witnessed the widespread consumption of sugary drinks by kids at his own school.
41.Tom got the idea from observing his mum make healthy fruit infusions but then struggle for a take-along option.
42.Tom is most proud of the opportunities that Fun Bottle presents to others because he not only provides healthy alternatives to sugary drinks but also donates all the profits to the OHG.
Tom donates part of the profits to the OHG.
43.略。
第二节(20分)
范文：
Dear Jim,
How’s everything?
I’m writing to invite you to give us an online talk on English writing. Our classmates seem to be weak in organisation. Would you please give us some suggestions on how to connect sentences logically, how to develop a paragraph, and how to structure an essay?
The talk will be about an hour, and you can decide on a date at your convenience. Please let me know which platform you’ll be using. It would be great if we could have a 10-minute question and answer session at the end of your talk.
Looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
高三各科的复习要领请牢记
1、数学：优化知识结构，着力知识重组
要打破数学章节界限，把握好知识间的纵横联系，形成有序的网络化知识体系。
2、英语：单词和语法，一个都不能少
准备一本权威的英汉词典，背诵课本单词时参考词典;每晚临睡前花5分钟的时间把白天背诵的单词在脑中复习一遍，第二天清晨醒来时再迅速回顾;借助英文解释来记忆单词;习题量适度，辅以完形填空、阅读理解与写作练习。
3、语文：专项训练，步步为营
同学们可进行语文专项训练，例如用一周的时间复习文言文、古诗词理解;下一周再用一周时间进行现代文、阅读理解专项训练。
4、文综：注重积累，理解记忆
熟读课本，狠抓基础，注重平时积累，加强理解记忆，做好错题归纳分析。
5、理综：精配习题，落实解题思路与方法
精配习题，通过实验复习，有效训练直接决定着复习的效果。
高考怎样才能拿高分
提前开始复习
放假后的几天可以休息一下，但不能懒散，要开始查阅相关考试资料和复习大纲，进入复习状态。制定好复习计划，分配好时间和重点，制订好合理的复习方法。
注重基础
高考难度较大，需要通过扎实的基础知识和清晰的思路来处理复杂的难题。要有针对性地巩固各学科的基础知识，如提高语文、数学和英语的阅读速度;深入各知识点看懂考点，解决难点问题。
认真备考
制定好每天的学习计划，以复习重要内容为主。每天要复习不同的学科，特别是数、物、化三大基础学科以及英语和地理等。同时，要做好笔记和心理辅导，有必要的话还需进行单科辅导。
多练习习惯化
通过多练习习惯化答题和模拟预测考题，增加应试技巧。选择相关试卷进行练习，由于时间有限，要适当控制做题时间，严格按照高考考试时间规定模拟答题，加强应试技巧，增强答题信心。
内外兼修
高考除了个人的努力和学习成绩之外，还要考虑个人的心理、情感和交往等方面的状态。外部情感上，家长可以在适当的时间和适当的位置给予望人的关怀和鼓励。同时，考生应注重公益活动和志愿服务，尤其是网络制作、游戏、小组活动和体育运动，让身心自由、自己活动，以突破纷繁复杂的高考和紧张的学习生活。
总之，在高考备考中，要注重全面塑造自身学科素养和考试意识，了解考试形势和试卷特点，制定适合自己的复习方法和策略，并保持开放、积极的心态，相信自己，相信过程。