2024年新高考1卷英语试卷及答案详解

高考结束之后，对很多考生来说知道高考试题和答案很重要,那么关于2024年新高考1卷英语试卷怎么做呢?以下是小编准备的一些2024年新高考1卷英语试卷及答案，仅供参考。

2024年新高考1卷英语试卷及答案

例 ：How much is the shirt?

A.E19.15.

B.E9.18.

C.E9.15.

答案是C.

1.What is Kate doing?

A.Boarding a flight.

B.Arranging a trip

C.Seeing a friend off.

2.What are the speakers talking about?

A.pop star.

B.An old song

C.A radio program

3.What will the speakers do today?

A.Goto an art show.

B.Meet the man's aunt.

C.Eat out with Mark

4.What does the man want to do?

A.Cancel an order.

B.Ask for a receipt.

C.Reschedule a delivery

5.When will the next train to Bedford leave?

A.At 9:45.

B.At 10:15

C.At 11:00.

第二节 (共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)

听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的 A 、B 、C  三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。

6.What will the weather be like today?

A.Stormy

B.Sunny

C.Foggy

7.What is the man going to do?

A.Plant a tree.

B.Move his car

C.Check the map

听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。

8.Why is Kathy in Califormia now?

A.She is on vacation there.

B.She has just moved there.

C.She is doing business there.

9.What is the relationship between Tom and Fiona?

A.Husband and wife.

B.Brother and sister.

C.Father and daughter.

10.What does Kathy thank Dave for?

A.Finding her a new job.

B.Sending her a present.

C.Calling on her mother.

听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。

11.How did Jack go to school when he was a child?

A.By bike.

B.On foot.

C.By bus.

12.What is Jack's attitude toward parents driving their kids to school?

A.Disapproving.

B.Encouraging

C.Understanding.

13.What is the problem with some parents according to the woman?

A.Overprotecting their children.

B.Pushing their children too hard.

C.Having no time for their children.

听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。

14.Why did Marie post her kitchen gardening online at first?

A.To keep records of her progress.

B.To sell home-grown vegetables.

C.To motivate her fellow gardeners.

15.Why does Marie recommend beginners to grow strawberries?

A.They need no special care.

B.They can be used in cooking.

C.They bear a lot of fruit soon.

16.What is difficult for Marie to grow?

A.Herbs.

B.Carrots.

C.Pears.

17.What is Marie's advice to those interested in kitchen gardening?

A.Aim high.

B.Keep focused.

C.Stay optimistic

听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。

18.What is “Life of Johnson”?

A.A magazine column.

B.A TV series.

C.A historical novel.

19.What is Johnson famous for?

A.His acting talent

B.His humorous writing.

C.His long sports career.

20.When did Johnson join Sports Times?

A.In 1981.

B.In 1983.

C.In 1985.

第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)

第一节 (共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A 、B 、C 、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

A

HABITAT RESTORATION TEAM

Help restore and protect Marin's natural areas from the Marin Headlands to  Bolinas Ridge.We'll explore beautiful park sites while conducting  invasive(侵入的)plant removal, winter planting,and seed collection.Habitat  Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring sensitive resources  and protecting endangered species across the ridges and valleys.

GROUPS

Groups of five or more require special arrangements and must be confirmed  in advance.

Please review the List of Available Projects and fill out the Group Project  RequestForm.

AGE,SKILLS,WHAT TO BRING

Volunteers aged 10 and over are welcome.Read our Youth Policy Guidelines  for youth under the age of 15.

Bring your completed Volunteer Agreement Form.Volunteers under the age of  18 must have the parent/guardian approval section signed.

We'll be working rain or shine.Wear clothes that can get dirty.Bring layers  for changing weather and a raincoat if necessary.

Bring a personal water bottle,sunscreen,and lunch.

No experience necessary.Training and tools will be provided.Fulfills  (满足)community service requirements.

UPCOMING EVENTS

第一小题：What is the aim of the Habitat Restoration Team?

A.To discover mineral resources.

B.To develop new wildlife parks.

C.To protect the local ecosystem

D.To conduct biological research.

第二小题：What is the lower age limit for joining the Habitat Restoration  Team?

A.5.

B.10.

C.15.

D.18.

第三小题：What are the volunteers expected to do?

A.Bring their own tools

B.Work even in bad weather.

C.Wear a team uniform

D.Do at least three projects

【答案】第一小题正确答案

C

第二小题正确答案

B

第三小题正确答案

B

【解析】第一段第一句说明小组目的为“help restore and protect… natural areas”

第三段第一句，“volunteers aged 10 and over”最小10岁

第五段第一句“rain or sunshine”表示无论天气如何都需要工作

B

“I am not crazy,”says Dr.Wiliam Farber,shorly after performing acupuncture  (针灸) on a rabbit."I am ahead of my time."If he seems a little defensive,it might  be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual  methods.But Farber is certain he'll have the last laugh.He's one ofa small but  growing number of American veterinarians(兽医) now practicing  "holistic"medicine-combining traditional Westem treatments with acupuncture,  chiropractic(按摩疗法)and herbal medicine.

Farber,a graduate of Colorado State University,started out as a more  conventional veterinarian.He became interested in alternative treatments 20  years ago when he suffered from terrible back pain.He tried muscle-relaxing  drugs but found little relief.Then he tried acupuncture,an ancient Chinese  practice,and was amazed that he improved after two or three treatments.What  worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients.So,after studying  the techniques for a couple of years,he began offering them to pets.

Leigh Tindale's dog Charlie had a serious heart condition.After Charlie had  a heart attack,Tindale says,she was prepared to put him to sleep,but Farber's  treatments eased her dog's suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive  for an additional five months. And Priscilla Dewing reports that her  horse,Nappy,"moves more easily and rides more comfortably”after a chiropractic  adjustment.

Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with  time,and if the past is any indication,he may be right:Since 1982,membership in  the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over  700.“Sometimes it surprises me that it works so well,"he says.“I will do  anything to help an animal.That's my job."

第一小题：What do some ofFarber's coworkers think of him?

A.He's odd.

B.He's strict.

C.He's brave.

D.He's rude.

第二小题:Why did Farber decide to try acupuncture on pets?

A.He was trained in it at university.

B.He was inspired by another veterinarian.

C.He benefited from it as a patient.

D.He wanted to save money for pet owners.

第三小题：What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about?

A.Steps of a chiropractic treatment.

B.The complexity of veterinarians'work.

C.Examples of rare animal diseases.

D.The effectiveness of holistic medicine.

第四小题：Why does the author mention the American Holistic Veterinary Medical  Association?

A.To prove Farber's point.

B.To emphasize its importance.

C.To praise veterinarians.

D.To advocate animal protection.

【答案】第一小题正确答案

A

第二小题正确答案

C

第三小题正确答案

D

第四小题正确答案

A

【解析】第一句“I'm not crazy”说明同事们觉得Farber疯了，行为古怪(odd)

第二段Farber经历剧烈背痛后接受了针灸治疗并对其极高的效率感到震惊

第三段讲述了两个动物接受治疗后好转/延长寿命的病例，展示了中医的高效性

前文Farber提出中医会变得更受欢迎，前后呼应

C

Is comprehension the same whether a person reads a text onscreen or on  paper?And are listening to and viewing content as effective as reading the  written word when covering the same material?The answers to both questions are  often “no.”The reasons relate to a variety of factors,including reduced  concentration,an entertainment mindset(心态)and a tendency to multitask while  consuming digital content.

When reading texts of several hundred words or more,learning is generally  more successful when it's on paper than onscreen.A large amount of research  confirms this finding. The benefits of print reading particularly shine through  when experimenters move from posing simple tasks-like identifying the main idea  in a reading passage-to ones that require mental abstraction-such as drawing  inferences from a text.

The differences between print and digital reading results are partly  related to paper's physical properties.With paper,there is a literal laying on  of hands,along with the visual

geography of distinct pages.People often link their memory of what they've  read to how far into the book it was or where it was on the page.

But equally important is the mental aspect.Reading researchers have  proposed a theory called "shallowing hypothesis (假说),"According to this  theory,people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media,which  are often not so serious,and devote less mental effort than when they are  reading print.

Audio(音频) and video can feel more engaging than text,and so university  teachers increasingly tum to these technologies -say,assigning an online talk  instead of an article by the same person.However,psychologists have demonstrated  that when adults read news stories,they remember more of the content than if  they listen to or view identical pieces.

Digital texts,audio and video all have educational roles,especially when  providing resources not available in print.However,for maximizing learning where  mental focus and reflection are called for,educators shouldn't assume all media  are the same,even when they contain identical words.

第一小题：What does the underlined phrase"shine through"in paragraph 2 mean?

A.Seem unlikely to last.

B.Seem hard to explain.

C.Become ready to use.

D.Become easy to notice.

第二小题:What does the shallowing hypothesis assume?

A.Readers treat digital texts lightly.

B.Digital texts are simpler to understand.

C.People select digital texts randomly.

D.Digital texts are suitable for social media.

第三小题：Why are audio and video increasingly used by university teachers?

A.They can hold students'attention.

B.They are more convenient to prepare.

C.They help develop advanced skills.

D.They are more informative than text.

第四小题：What does the author imply in the last paragraph?

A.Students should apply multiple learning techniques.

B.Teachers should produce their own teaching material

C.Print texts cannot be entirely replaced in education.

D.Education outside the classroom cannot be ignored.

【答案】第一小题正确答案

A

第二小题正确答案

A

第三小题正确答案

A

第四小题正确答案

C

【解析】前文提到纸质阅读更有助于学习，即其益处在不同程度的学习之中均有凸显，选A

第四段最后一句“…social media，which are often not so serious，and devote less mental  effort…”表明人们对待电子文本更随意

第五段第一句“more engaging”，更能吸引学生的注意力

结合全文可知

D

In the race to document the species on Earth before they go  extinct,researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions of  records.Today,most records of biodiversity are often in the form of  photos,videos,and other digital records.Though they are useful for detecting  shifts in the number and variety of species in an area,a new Stanford study has  found that this type of record is not perfect.

“With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make observations of  different species with the aid of a mobile application,"said Barnabas Daru,who  is lead author of the study and assistant professor of biology in the Stanford  School of Humanities and Sciences. “These observations now outnumber the primary  data that comes from physical specimens (标本),and since we are increasingly using  observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change,I  wanted to know:Are they usable?"

Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants,insects,birds,and  animals,Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual global  biodiversity patterns.

“We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that  tend to bias (使有偏差)data,like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to  take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,"said  Daru.

Their study revealed that the large number of observation-only records did  not lead to better global coverage.Moreover,these data are biased and favor  certain regions,time periods, and species.This makes sense because the people  who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen  scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby.These data  are also biased toward certain species with attractive or eye-catching  features.

What can we do with the imperfect datasets of biodiversity?

“Quite a lot,”Daru explained.“Biodiversity apps can use our study results  to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places -and even  species-that are not well-sampled. To improve the quality of observational  data,biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the  identification of their uploaded image.”

第一小题：What do we know about the records of species collected now?

A.They are becoming outdated.

B.They are mostly in electronic form.

C.They are limited in number.

D.They are used for public exhibition.

第二小题：What does Daru's study focus on?

A.Threatened species.

B.Physical specimens.

C.Observational data.

D.Mobile applications.

第三小题：What has led to the biases according to the study?

A.Mistakes in data analysis.

B.Poor quality of uploaded pictures.

C.Improper way of sampling.

D.Unreliable data collection devices.

第四小题：What is Daru's suggestion for biodiversity apps?

A.Review data from certain areas.

B.Hire experts to check the records.

C.Confirm the identity of the users.

D.Give guidance to citizen scientists.

【答案】第一小题正确答案

B

第二小题正确答案

C

第三小题正确答案

C

第四小题正确答案

A

【解析】第一段第二句，记录方式通常为电子记录

阅读第二、三段可知，Daru主要研究observational data

倒数第三段，科学家们只在附近的区域采样，且更倾向于收集有吸引力的物种的数据，导致偏差;B、C两项应为“鼓励用户寻找专家确认自己上传的照片可靠”，D项对象不是citizen  scientists

第二节 (共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)

阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

5.

Not all great writers are great spellers.If you want to be published,it's  vital to submit a perfect,professionally presented manuscript (原稿). 36 No editor  is likely to tolerate a writer who does not take the trouble to spell words  corectly.

I keep two reference books close-by on my desk:dictionary and  thesaurus(同义词词典). I don't trust my laptop's spellchecker. 37 Of course,these  days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses,but I'm  old-fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my  fingers.I use the Concise Oxford Dictionary and the Collins Thesaurus.38 It  should give you a precise definition of each word,thus differentiating it from  other words whose meanings are similar,but not identical.It will also usually  show how the word is pronounced.

In addition,I have an old two-volume copy of the Shorter Oxford  Dictionary,picked up a few years ago in a bookshop sale for just 99 pence.Of  course,with its 2,672 pages,it's not exactly short.It contains around 163,000  words,plus word combinations and idiomatic phrases. 39 However,if I need to  check the origin of a word or to look up examples of its usage,there's nothing  better.

For well over a hundred years the most influential English dictionary was  Samuel Johnson's Dictionary of the English Language published in 1755.“To make  dictionaries is dull(乏味)work,”wrote Johnson,illustrating one definition of  “dull”. 40 .A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can be a  rewarding experience.

A.I don't often use this dictionary.

B.It takes no account of the context.

C.But I still don't want to replace them.

D.But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read.

E.Of course,a dictionary is not only for spelling.

F.That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes.

G Dictionaries don't always give you enough information.

【答案】36F 37A 38E 39B 40D

【解析】前文写“perfect manuscript”，后文提到“spell words correctly”联系可知这里详述了perfect  manuscript的特质，选F

联系下文可知作者不常用电子词典，故选A

后文讲述了词典的作用，根据句意选E

对比前文可知shorter dictionary相较concise缺少了context，选B

后文描述了看词典的动作，D项句意前后呼应

第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)

第一节 (共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)

阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。

I've been motivated -and demotivated -by other folks'achievements all my  life.

When I was a teenager,a neighborhood friend 41 a marathon race.Feeling  motivated,I started running. 42 but then two things happened.First,a girl I met  one day told me she was. 43 for a“super,”referring to a 52.4-mile double  marathon.Then, the next day I went on my longest run-15 miles.To be honest,I.44  it!Between the girl making my 45 seem small and the pure boredom of jogging,I  decided that the only 46 I'd ever run again is if a big dog was running after  me!

So I. 47 cycling.I got a good bike and rode a lot.I 48 of entering cycle  races until I flew to San Diego to visit my sister.While she was at work one  day,I 49 her bike and went for a ride.The 50:The roads there went through large  valleys where I'd be riding uphill for miles at a time.I'd never faced such. 51  .That day,I got. 52 by about 100“local”bikers who were used to such roads.When I  got back home,suddenly riding my bike didn't seem quite as 53.

I've 54 .a lot since then.I've come to accept that whatever . 55 I set for  myself,they just have to be my own.

41.A.knew B.held C.won D.quit

42.A.regularly B.silently C.proudly D.recently

43.A.asking B.looking C.waiting D.training

44.A.made B.believed C.hated D.deserved

45.A.advantage B.achievement C.contribution D.influence

46.A.way B.risk C.place D.reason

47.A.gave up B.went on C.turned to D.dealt with

48.A.heard B.dreamed C.complained D.approved

49.A.painted B.borrowed C.bought D.parked

50.A.problem B.secret C.principle D.advice

51.A.dangers B.events C.opponents D.challenges

52.A.passed B.convinced C.admired D.stopped

53.A.reliable B.convenient C.familiar D.appealing

54.A.traveled B.matured C.missed D.worried

55.A.limits B.dates C.goals D.tests

【答案】41C 42A 43D 44C 45B 46D 47C 48B 49B 50A 51D 52A 53D 54B 55C

【解析】前后文提到“motivated”即作者收到激励，此处应为邻居的成功，即won

联系上下文，作者在练习长跑且时间味过去，故为regularly

联系上下文可知此处为训练，选training

To be honest有转折意，前文写作者跑完了longest run为褒义，后接hated

longest run已经完成，是作者的成就，选achievement

该句为主系表结构，分析表语从句可知此处选reason

作者放弃跑步“转向”骑行，故为turned to

联系上下文可知

后文her bike表明这是姐姐的单车，选borrowed

冒号后阐述了作者遇到的困难，选problem

联系上文可知“我”遇到了挑战

联系上下文可知

作者对骑行失去兴趣，不再认为其有趣，选appealing

后文可知作者成长了，选matured

通篇讲述作者的目标，选goals

第二节(共10小题;每小题1 . 5分，满分15分)

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Heatherwick Studio recently built a greenhouse at the edge of the National  Trust's Woolbeding Gardens.This beautiful structure,named Glasshouse,is at the  centre of a new garden that shows how the Silk Road influences English gardens  even in modern times.

The latest 56(engineer)techniques are applied to create this protective 57  (function)structure that is also beautiful.The design features ten steel “sepals  (尊片)”made of glass and aluminium (铝).These sepals open on warm days 58.(give)the  inside plants sunshine and fresh air.In cold weather,the structure stays. 59  .(close)to protect the plants.

Further,the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse . 60 .(walk)visitors  through a joumey influenced by the ancient Silk Road,by which silk as well as  many plant species came to Britain for 61 first time.These plants included  modern Westem 62.(favourite) such as rosemary,lavender and fennel.The garden  also contains a winding path that guides visitors through the twelve regions of  the Silk Road.The path offers over 300 plant species for visitors to  see,too.

The Glasshouse stands 63 a great achievement in contemporary design,to  house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path  retracing(追溯) the steps along the Silk Route 64 brought the plants from their  native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the 65 .(rich)of gardening in  England.

【答案】56engineering 57functional 58to give to do 59closed 60walks 61he

62favourites 63with 64which 65richness

【解析】 缺定语，变动词为现在分词形式

同上

形式表目的

过去分词形式表状态

主语为garden第三人称

favourites 后半句提到复数种植物

with

which 定语从句，从句缺主语

richness 形容词变名词

第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)

第一节 (满分15分)

假定你是李华，上周五你们班在公园上了一堂美术课。请你给英国朋友Chris写一封邮件分享这次经历，内容包括：

(1)你完成的作品;

(2)你的感想。

注意：

(1)写作词数应为80个左右;

(2)请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。

Dear Chris,

I'm writing to share with you an art class I had in a park last Friday.

Yours

Li Hua

【答案】范文：

Dear Diana，

I‘ve attended an art lesson at a park on Friday. During the lesson I  painted the charming scenery of the park and I'm writing to tell you about  it.

I painted a serene landscape with vibrant colors depicting the lush  greenery and the peaceful atmosphere of the park. The trees swayed gently in the  breeze, and the amber-like sunlight filtered through the leaves, casting  enchanting shadows on the ground.

I can't wait to show you my painting! Let's meet up soon so I can bring it  and talk about it further.

Yours sincerely,

Li Hua

第二节 (满分25分)

阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

9.I met Gunter or a cold,wet and unforgettable evening in September.I had  planned to fly to Vienna and take a bus to Prague for a conference.Due to a big  storm,my flight had been delayed by an hour and a half.I touched down in Vienna  just 30 minutes before the departure of the last bus to Prague.The moment I got  off the plane,I ran like crazy through the airport building and jumped into the  first taxi on the rank without a second thought.

That was when I met Gunter.I told him where I was going,but he said he  hadn't heard of the bus station.I thought my pronunciation was the problem,so l  explained again more slowly, but he still looked confused.When I was about to  give up,Gunter fished out his little phone and rang up a friend.After a heated  discussion that lasted for what seemed like a century, Gunter put his phone down  and started the car.

Finally,with just two minutes to spare we rolled into the bus  station.Thankfully,there was a long queue (队列) still waiting to board the  bus.Gunter parked the taxi behind the bus,tumed around,and looked at me with a  big smile on his face."We made it,"he said.

Just then I realised that I had zero cash in my wallet.I flashed him an  apologetic smile as I pulled out my Portuguese bankcard.He tried it several  times,but the card machine just did not play along.A feeling of helplessness  washed over me as I saw the bus queue thinning out.

At this moment,Gunter pointed towards the waiting hall of the bus  station.There,at the entrance,was a cash machine.I jumped out of the car,made a  mad run for the machine,and popped my card in,only to read the message:“Out of  order.Sorry.”

注意：

(1)续写词数应为150个左右;

(2)请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。

I ran back to Gunter and told him the bad news.

Four days later,when I was back in Vienna,I called Gunter as promised.

【答案】范文：

I ran back to Gunter and told him the bad news. His expression shifted from  reassurance to concern as he processed my words. Without hesitation, he reached  for his own wallet and pulled out some cash. "Here," he said, handing me the  money. "Take it. You can pay me back later." Gratitude flooded through me as I  accepted his offer, thanking him profusely. With the cash in hand, I hurried  back to the bus queue just as the last few passengers were boarding. Gunter's  kindness had saved the day, and I promised myself to repay his generosity as  soon as possible.

Four days later, when I was back in Vienna, I called Gunter as promised.  His warm voice greeted me on the other end of the line, and I wasted no time in  expressing my gratitude once again. I insisted on repaying him for the money he  had lent me, but he simply brushed it off, saying it was no big deal. Instead,  he invited me to join him for a cup of coffee the next time I was in town. His  selflessness and genuine kindness left a lasting impression on me, reminding me  of the importance of helping others without expecting anything in return. Gunter  may have been a stranger I met by chance, but his generosity had made him a  friend I would never forget.

高考英语答题技巧

单项填空答题技巧、解题方法

单项填空题考查的重点是语言的基础知识。分析近年来的高考单项填空题，有如下几个特点：

1、考点分布相对稳定、集中。英语的时态、语态、非谓语动词、名词、代词、形容词、副词、冠词、情态动词出现的频率较高，尤其要引起重视的是动词、动词补语、各种习惯表达法及交际用法。

2、语言基础知识的考查不能脱离一定的语境。近年来，高考题重视考查学生的语言实践能力，将单纯的语法语言知识放置于一定的语言环境，这是近年来高考英语测试改革的一个方向，考生在做题的过程中应该树立全局观、整体观，不能顾此失彼，只注意语法知识的正确性而忽略了语境使用中的合理性。

3、题干设计的新颖性。几乎每年的高考题在题干设计上都有所创新，考生在考试之前应该有相应的心理准备。在考试过程中，遇到新颖的题干不心慌，沉着、冷静地对考题加以分析。对于单项填空题，考生应该仔细分析，积极揣摩出题人的意图。也就是我们常说的做题时切忌盲目，要找准考点。这样，既增加了做题的准确性，又节约了时间。在高考前的后期复习中，考生们应对高频考点进行拉网式地认真清理，做到知识条理清楚，哪些点常考什么，要心中有数，不打无准备之仗。