中考英语完形填空解题技巧附例题讲解
1. 通读全文,领会大意
完形填空题不同于单项选择填空题。单项填空题所给的是一个或两个句子,根据本句或前后句就可以判定所选的答案。而完形填空题所给的是一篇意思完整的短文,所选的答案处在整段或整篇文章之中。所以在做题前,必须先浏览全文,了解短文的大意,这是绝不可省的一步。
每篇短文总有一定的主题思想,段落之间必然承上启下,前呼后应,句与句之间 也一定紧密相连,形成一个整体。因此通读全文是要一气呵成,不要中断思路,只要能了解短文的大意就可。某些细节不理解可以跳过。如果不影响答题,可以置之不理。切不可把宝贵的时间浪费在个别字句推敲上。如果与答题有关,可到第二步填空时再琢磨解决。另外,在阅读时要特别注意一篇文章的开头和结尾,因为它们能提供主要的信息,帮助了解全文所描述的事件或文章的中心议题。
完形填空实际上是一种障碍性阅读理解题。因此,在解题之前,先要把文章通读一遍,弄清文章的体裁,文章体裁通常分为四种:论述文、记叙文、说明文和应用文。中考选文以叙事性文章为主,如:幽默故事、科普知识、童话、简短新闻、名人轶事、社会热点问题等。读这类文章,要大体上了解故事所涉及的时间、地点、人物、事件及前因后果,对文章有个全面的了解,弄清其中心思想和大意。然后对留空的句子进行分析,看他在该句所处的位置和作用,再从所给的选项中找出要填写什么词。 。
2. 紧扣内容,分析对比备选答案
完形填空所用的短文一般不给标题,但短文的主题句,往往在每段文章的首句,有时也出现在文章的中间或结束处。主题句提供全篇的性质、大意等,这是深入了解全文的“窗口”,甚至能以语句为立足点,从该句的时态、语气推测全文的主要内容。分析时应注意以下几点:
(1) 当遇到一个需要填的词时,首先要考虑这个词在句子中的成分是什么?词性是什么?
(2) 如果需要填的是名词,就要考虑名词的单复数和所有格形式。
(3) 如果需要填的是形容词或副词,就应考虑是用原级或是比较级,还是最高级。
(4) 如果需要填的是动词,则要考虑动词的时态,语态,人称变化,语气以及非谓语动词(不定式和动词-ing形式)的一般式,被动式和完成式等。
(5) 如果需要填空的是介词,则要注意固定搭配的用法。
(6) 如果需要填的是冠词,则要注意是用不定冠词还是用定冠词。
(7) 另外要注意一些固定句型。
3. 瞻前顾后,全文贯通
短文中每个空白处的正确答案和气上下文在意思上和结构上都有这样或那样的必然联系。一般说来,所选答案只有和上下文和结构上都吻合的时候,才是正确答案。因此,必须注意上下的参照,连贯思考。如果答案一时确定不下来,切记不要耽误太久,可暂放一边,待其他答案选好之后,再回过头来仔细推敲。
试题所提供的短文可以说是一个整体,空白处所需要选的答案只是整体中的一部分。有时候,所选答案从局部看是可行的,但从整体看,不见的是最佳的答案。这时就要局部服从整体,从短文的整体内容出发,重新选择答案。对于那些拿不定主意或未能选答的空白,不要仅局限在与上下文的对照上,要把视野扩大到全文。有时一旦和整篇短文联系起来,就可豁然开朗,很容易选出正确答案。
4. 复查核对,决定取舍
全部题目作完以后,要仔细考查核对。填完空白后,重读全文,这也是解题过程中至关重要的一环。此时考生对文章已经有了一个相对完整的了解,对文章的理解也就更进了一步,也就摸清了文章内在发展的逻辑关系。而如果在此时再读一遍文章,就有可能会发现一些其他原来没有注意到的问题,也就能够根据对语篇的理解及内在的联系,反复推敲,比较异同,从而选择一个更符合文章意义的答案,其方法是:把短文连同所选答案细读一遍,凡读起来别扭或答案无确切把握的地方分别记下来,然后将每个空白处与其相对应的四个答案逐一对照,务求一一过关,避免遗漏。若发现原所选答案与复查时所选答案不同,不要急于涂改,待认真斟酌核实后,再决定取舍。
二、例题讲解:
例1
【2011安徽】完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分,满分30分)阅读下列短文,从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个最佳选项。
Mr. Black loved his daughter Helen very much. Every day he spent all of his free time51 with her. One night, he had much work to do, 52 couldn't play with his daughter. In order to keep her 53 , he found a map of the world in a magazine and cut it into pieces. When he 54 ,Helen came running to him and was ready to play. Mr. Black said he had 55 time to play fight now. He told the girl to put the pieces of paper back together to a map of the world, and then they could both play.
About half an hour later, Helen came to her father and said, "Okay, it's finished. Can we play now? " Mr. Black was surprised saying, "That's 56 Let's go and see. " And sure enough, there was the picture of the world; all put together, every 57 in its place.
Mr. Black said, "That's surprising! 58 did you do that?" Helen said, "It was 59 . On the back of the page was a picture of a 60 .When I put the man together, the whole world fell into place. "
51. A. working B. running C. playing D. walking
52. A. or B. and C. but D. then
53. A. sleepy B. warm C. free D. busy
54. A. left home B. got home
C. let the office D. got to the office
55. A. no B. enough C. much D. some
56. A. right B. wrong C. possible D. impossible
57. A. map B. picture C. piece D. page
58. A. How B. Why C. When D. Where
59. A. hard B. simple C. difficult D. different
60. A. boy B. girl C. man D. woman
【主旨大意】本文讲的是一位疼爱女儿的爸爸,经常和女儿玩耍。有一天,很忙的他为了让女儿能自己玩,把撕碎的世界地图让女儿拼起来,女儿很快弄完。原来女儿看的是反面的人形。
51.C 由下句couldn’t play with提示,平时他喜欢和女儿“玩耍”。.
52. B or“否则”,表示条件;and “和”表示并列;并且”;but “但是”表示转折; then“然后”,表示承接 ;此处表示两个并列的动作had和couldn’t , 要用B。
53. D 父亲没有时间和女儿玩耍,所以目的是让女儿也忙起来。故选D。
54. B 女儿跑来找他玩,提示我们应该是在家里。由此推测是刚到家。故选B。
55. A 此处表达的是“没有时间玩”,故用no。其它几个词则表示能有时间玩。
56. D 由surprise “惊讶”提示,父亲觉得这么快完成是不可思议的。故选D。
57. C 由前文…put the pieces of paper back提示,应该是把piece “碎片”放好了。
58. A 此处表示询问方式“你怎么做到的”。故选A。
59. B hard “难的”;simple“简单的”;difficult“困难的”;different “不同的”.由女儿的介绍可知,很简单。故选B。
60. C 由下句the man提示,这应该是一张男人图片。故选C。
例2
Three small fish lived in the sea. When they were very young, their parents died. They had to 61 each other day after day. Finally, they grew up and 62 to swim deeper and further.
One morning. the three fish were 63 to a shallow (浅) water by a big wave (浪). A small boat was taken there. too. It was hard for the fish to go back to the sea because the boat was fight in front of them. The largest fish realized that they were 64 and said they had to find a way to leave there as fast as possible. The second largest fish 65with his elder brother, but the youngest one did not. He said that there was much 66for their activities, so he would not worry at all and still swam around 67.At last, the largest fish returned to the 68 by jumping over the lowest part of the boat. The second largest fish also succeeded in 69 his eider brother in the other side of water. But the youngest one didn't follow them and still swam joyfully.
Two hours later, when the 70 rose up, the water in the small shallow corner dried up. The fish who did not try to return to the sea died of lack(缺乏)of water.
61. A. listen to B. look after C. talk with D. worry about
62. A. dared B. hated C. refused D. stopped
63. A. allowed B. given C. invited D. taken
64. A. in safety B. in doubt C. in danger D. in peace
65. A. agreed B. talked C. compared D. discussed
66. A. time B. food C. water D. air
67. A. slowly B. sadly C. luckily D. happily
68. A. sea B. river C. lake D. pond
69. A. catching B. joining C. taking D. telling
70. A. storm B. stars C. moon D. sun
【主旨大意】本文讲了三条小鱼相依为命的长大,有一天,被带到了浅水处。最大的鱼意识到危险,便跳回深水。第二条也随之回去。只有最小的鱼不以为然,最后死于缺水。提示人们要意识到潜在的危险。
61. B 由句意可知:三条小鱼的父母死后,它们不得不日复一日的相互照顾着。其中A意为“听”;B意为“照顾;照料”;C意为“交谈”;D意为“担心”。故选B。
62. A 由句意可知:它们长大后不敢去更深更远的地方去游泳。故选A。
63. D 由句意可知:一天早上三条小鱼被大浪头带到了浅水处。而且后一句中“A small boat wastaken there, too”也可知应选D。
64. C 由句意可知:因为那条船正好位于它们的前面,最大的这条鱼发现了它们正处于危险中,必须找到一条路尽快的离开。故选C。
65. A 由句意可知:第二条大鱼同意它大哥的想法,但最小的鱼不同意。故选A,构成短语“agree with”。
66. C 由句意可知:最小的鱼认为这儿有供它们活动的许多水。故选C。
67. D 由句意可知:它(最小的鱼)不愿离开这儿,觉得在这儿仍旧能快乐地四处游动。故选D。
68. A 由句意可知:最大的鱼回到海里。故选A。
69. B join sb in…意为“和某人一起加入某种活动中”,故选B。
70. D 由句意可知:两小时后,当太阳升起来后,浅水区的水被晒干。故选D。